From the *Department of Cardiac Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria

†Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria

‡Department of Congenital and Pediatric Heart Surgery, Children’s Heart Clinic, University Heart & Vascular Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

§Biofluid Mechanics Laboratory, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.

Submitted for consideration January 2023; accepted for publication in revised form June 2023.

Disclosure: M.G. received personal fees and research grants from BerlinHeart GmbH and research grants from 4Fontan AG. D.Z. received personal fees from Abbott, Medtronic, Abiomed, Edwards, Daiichi Sankyo and research grants from Abbott, Medtronic, Berlin Heart, Edwards, Corcym. The other authors have no conflicts of interest to report.

This work was supported by the GIGAX Foundation and the EVER Foundation. This work was partially supported by the Austrian Research Promotion Agency (FFG) as part of the “Additive Manufacturing for Medical Research, M3dRES” Project, Nr. 858060 (PI: Francesco Moscato).

Supplemental digital content is available for this article. Direct URL citations appear in the printed text, and links to the digital files are provided in the HTML and PDF versions of this article on the journal’s Web site (www.asaiojournal.com).

Correspondence: Marcus Granegger, Department of Cardiac Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, AKH Wien, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, A-1090 Wien, Vienna, Austria. Email: [email protected]; Twitter: @KarnerB_.