Nisole S, Stoye JP, Saïb A. TRIM family proteins: retroviral restriction and antiviral defence. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2005;3:799–808.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Stremlau M, Owens CM, Perron MJ, Kiessling M, Autissier P, Sodroski J. The cytoplasmic body component TRIM5α restricts HIV-1 infection in Old World monkeys. Nature. 2004;427:848–53.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Keckesova Z, Ylinen LMJ, Towers GJ. The human and african green monkey TRIM5α genes encode Ref1 and Lv1 retroviral restriction factor activities. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2004;101:10780–5.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Hatziioannou T, Perez-Caballero D, Yang A, Cowan S, Bieniasz PD. Retrovirus resistance factors Ref1 and Lv1 are species-specific variants of TRIM5α. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2004;101:10774–9.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Stremlau M, Perron M, Lee M, Li Y, Song B, Javanbakht H, et al. Specific recognition and accelerated uncoating of retroviral capsids by the TRIM5α restriction factor. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2006;103:5514–9.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Saenz DT, Teo W, Olsen JC, Poeschla EM. Restriction of feline immunodeficiency virus by Ref1, Lv1, and primate TRIM5α proteins. J Virol. 2005;79:15175–88.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Sebastian S, Luban J. TRIM5α selectively binds a restriction-sensitive retroviral capsid. Retrovirology. 2005;2:40.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Ganser-Pornillos BK, Pornillos O. Restriction of HIV-1 and other retroviruses by TRIM5. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2019;17:546–56.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Song B, Javanbakht H, Perron M, Park DH, Stremlau M, Sodroski J. Retrovirus restriction by TRIM5α variants from Old World and New World Primates. J Virol. 2005;79:3930–7.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Reymond A, Meroni G, Fantozzi A, Merla G, Cairo S, Luzi L, et al. The tripartite motif family identifies cell compartments. EMBO J. 2001;20:2140–51.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Javanbakht H, Diaz-Griffero F, Stremlau M, Si Z, Sodroski J. The contribution of RING and B-box 2 domains to retroviral restriction mediated by monkey TRIM5α. J Biol Chem. 2005;280:26933–40.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Javanbakht H, Yuan W, Yeung DF, Song B, Diaz-Griffero F, Li Y, et al. Characterization of TRIM5α trimerization and its contribution to human immunodeficiency virus capsid binding. Virology. 2006;353:234–46.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Li X, Sodroski J. The TRIM5α B-Box 2 Domain promotes Cooperative binding to the retroviral capsid by mediating higher-order self-association. J Virol. 2008;82:11495–502.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Zhang F, Hatziioannou T, Perez-Caballero D, Derse D, Bieniasz PD. Antiretroviral potential of human tripartite motif-5 and related proteins. Virology. 2006;353:396–409.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Li X, Gold B, O’hUigin C, Diaz-Griffero F, Song B, Si Z, et al. Unique features of TRIM5α among closely related human TRIM family members. Virology. 2007;360:419–33.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ambrose Z, Lee K, Ndjomou J, Xu H, Oztop I, Matous J, et al. Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 capsid mutation N74D alters cyclophilin a dependence and impairs macrophage infection. J Virol. 2012;86:4708–14.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Ohainle M, Kim K, Keceli SK, Felton A, Campbell E, Luban J, et al. TRIM34 restricts HIV-1 and SIV capsids in a TRIM5α-dependent manner. PLoS Pathog. 2020;16:1–22.

Article  Google Scholar 

Orimo A, Tominaga N, Yoshimura K, Yamauchi Y, Nomura M, Sato M, et al. Molecular cloning of ring finger protein 21 (RNF21)/interferon-responsive finger protein (ifp1), which possesses two RING-B box-coiled coil domains in tandem. Genomics. 2000;69:143–9.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Sawyer SL, Wu LI, Emerman M, Malik HS. Positive selection of primate TRIM5α identifies a critical species-specific retroviral restriction domain. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2005;102:2832–7.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

van Valen L. A new evolutionary law. Evol Theor. 1973;1:1–30.

Google Scholar 

Daugherty MD, Malik HS. Rules of Engagement: molecular insights from host-virus arms races. Annu Rev Genet. 2012;46:677–700.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Tenthorey JL, Young C, Sodeinde A, Emerman M, Malik HS. Mutational resilience of antiviral restriction favors primate TRIM5α in host-virus evolutionary arms races. Elife. 2020;9:1–36.

Article  Google Scholar 

Berthoux L, Sebastian S, Sokolskaja E, Luban J. Lv1 inhibition of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 is counteracted by factors that stimulate synthesis or nuclear translocation of viral cDNA. J Virol. 2004;78:11739–50.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Kratovac Z, Virgen CA, Bibollet-Ruche F, Hahn BH, Bieniasz PD, Hatziioannou T. Primate lentivirus capsid sensitivity to TRIM5 proteins. J Virol. 2008;82:6772–7.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Mariani R, Chen D, Schröfelbauer B, Navarro F, König R, Bollman B, et al. Species-specific exclusion of APOBEC3G from HIV-1 virions by Vif. Cell. 2003;114:21–31.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Li X, Yeung DF, Fiegen AM, Sodroski J. Determinants of the higher order association of the restriction factor TRIM5α and other tripartite motif (TRIM) proteins. J Biol Chem. 2011;286:27959–70.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Perez-Caballero D, Hatziioannou T, Yang A, Cowan S, Bieniasz PD. Human tripartite motif 5α domains responsible for Retrovirus restriction activity and specificity. J Virol. 2005;79:8969–78.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Campbell EM, Perez O, Anderson JL, Hope TJ. Visualization of a proteasome-independent intermediate during restriction of HIV-1 by rhesus TRIM5α. J Cell Biol. 2008;180:549–61.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Yap MW, Nisole S, Lynch C, Stoye JP. Trim5α protein restricts both HIV-1 and murine leukemia virus. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2004;101:10786–91.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Towers G, Bock M, Martin S, Takeuchi Y, Stoye JP, Danos O. A conserved mechanism of retrovirus restriction in mammals. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2000;97:12295–9.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Yap MW, Nisole S, Stoye JP. A single amino acid change in the SPRY Domain of Human Trim5α leads to HIV-1 restriction. Curr Biol. 2005;15:73–8.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kar AK, Diaz-Griffero F, Li Y, Li X, Sodroski J. Biochemical and biophysical characterization of a chimeric TRIM21-TRIM5α protein. J Virol. 2008;82:11669–81.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Diaz-Griffero F, Li X, Javanbakht H, Song B, Welikala S, Stremlau M, et al. Rapid turnover and polyubiquitylation of the retroviral restriction factor TRIM5. Virology. 2006;349:300–15.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Pertel T, Hausmann S, Morger D, Züger S, Guerra J, Lascano J, et al. TRIM5 is an innate immune sensor for the retrovirus capsid lattice. Nature. 2011;472:361–5.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Lascano J, Uchil PD, Mothes W, Luban J. TRIM5 retroviral restriction activity correlates with the ability to induce innate immune signaling. J Virol. 2016;90:308–16.

Article  CAS