Butterfield-Gerson KL, Scheifele LZ, Ryan EP, Hopper AK, Parent LJ. Importin-β family members mediate alpharetrovirus gag nuclear entry via interactions with matrix and nucleocapsid. J Virol. 2006;80(4):1798–806.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Gudleski N, Flanagan JM, Ryan EP, Bewly MC, Parent LJ. Directionality of nucleocytoplasmic transport of the retroviral Gag protein depends on sequential binding of karyopherins and viral RNA. Proc Natl Acad Sci. 2010;107(20):9358–63.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Scheifele LZ, Garbitt RA, Rhoads JD, Parent LJ. Nuclear entry and CRM1-dependent nuclear export of the Rous sarcoma virus Gag polyprotein. Proc Natl Acad Sci. 2002;99(6):3944–9.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Scheifele LZ, Ryan EP, Parent LJ. Detailed mapping of the nuclear export signal in the rous sarcoma virus gag protein. J Virol. 2005;79(14):8732–41.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Scheifele LZ, Kenney SP, Cairns TM, Craven RC, Parent LJ. Overlapping roles of the Rous sarcoma virus Gag p10 domain in nuclear export and virion core morphology. J Virol. 2007;81(19):10718–28.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Rice BL, Stake MS, Parent LJ. TNPO3-mediated nuclear entry of the rous sarcoma virus gag protein is independent of the cargo-binding domain. J Virol. 2020;94(17):10–128.

Article  Google Scholar 

Garbitt-Hirst R, Kenney SP, Parent LJ. Genetic evidence for a connection between Rous sarcoma virus Gag nuclear trafficking and genomic RNA packaging. JVirol. 2009;83(13):6790–7.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Maldonado RJK, Rice B, Chen EC, Tuffy KM, Chiari EF, Fahrbach KM, et al. Visualizing association of the retroviral gag protein with unspliced viral RNA in the nucleus. MBio. 2020;11(2):e00524-e620.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Tuffy KM, Maldonado RJK, Chang J, Rosenfeld P, Cochrane A, Parent LJ. HIV-1 Gag forms ribonucleoprotein complexes with unspliced Viral RNA at transcription sites. Viruses. 2020;12(11):1281.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Chang J, Parent LJ. HIV-1 Gag colocalizes with euchromatin histone marks at the nuclear periphery. BioRxiv. 2023;97:e01179-e1223.

Google Scholar 

Lochmann TL, Bann DV, Ryan EP, Beyer AR, Mao A, Cochrane A, et al. NC-mediated nucleolar localization of retroviral gag proteins. Virus Res. 2013;171(2):304–18.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Gallay P, Swingler S, Song J, Bushman F, Trono D. HIV nuclear import is governed by the phosphotyrosine-mediated binding of matrix to the core domain of integrase. Cell. 1995;83(4):569–76.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Zhang J, Crumpacker CS. Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 nucleocapsid protein nuclear localization mediates early viral mRNA expression. J Virol. 2002;76(20):10444–54.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Kemler I, Meehan A, Poeschla EM. Live-cell coimaging of the genomic RNAs and gag proteins of two lentiviruses. J Virol. 2010;84(13):6352–66.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Kemler I, Saenz D, Poeschla E. Feline immunodeficiency virus gag is a nuclear shuttling protein. J Virol. 2012;86(16):8402–11.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Bohl CR, Brown SM, Weldon RA. The pp24 phosphoprotein of Mason-Pfizer monkey virus contributes to viral genome packaging. Retrovirology. 2005;2(1):68.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Weldon RA, Sarkar P, Brown SM, Weldon SK. Mason-Pfizer monkey virus Gag proteins interact with the human sumo conjugating enzyme, hUbc9. Virology. 2003;314(1):62–73.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Baluyot MF, Grosse SA, Lyddon TD, Janaka SK, Johnson MC. CRM1-dependent trafficking of retroviral Gag proteins revisited. J Virol. 2012;86(8):4696–700.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Beyer AR, Bann DV, Rice B, Pultz IS, Kane M, Goff SP, et al. Nucleolar trafficking of the mouse mammary tumor virus gag protein induced by interaction with ribosomal protein L9. J Virol. 2013;87(2):1069–82.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Elis E, Ehrlich M, Prizan-Ravid A, Laham-Karam N, Bacharach E. p12 Tethers the murine leukemia virus pre-integration complex to mitotic chromosomes. PLoS Pathog. 2012;8(12): e1003103.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Nash MA, Meyer MK, Decker GL, Arlinghaus RB. A subset of Pr65Gag is nucleus associated in murine leukemia virus-infected cells. J Virol. 1993;67(3):1350–6.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Risco C, Menendez-Arias L, Copeland TD, Pinto da Silva P, Oroszlan S. Intracellular transport of the murine leukemia virus during acute infection of NIH 3T3 cells: nuclear import of nucleocapsid protein and integrase. J Cell Sci. 1995;108(9):3039.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Schneider WM, Brzezinski JD, Aiyer S, Malani N, Gyuricza M, Bushman FD, et al. Viral DNA tethering domains complement replication-defective mutations in the p12 protein of MuLV Gag. Proc Natl Acad Sci. 2013;110(23):9487–92.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Müllers E, Stirnnagel K, Kaulfuss S, Lindemann D. Prototype foamy virus Gag nuclear localization: a novel pathway among retroviruses. J Virol. 2011;85(18):9276–85.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Renault N, Tobaly-Tapiero J, Paris J, Giron M-L, Coiffic A, Roingeard P, et al. A nuclear export signal within the structural Gag protein is required for prototype foamy virus replication. Retrovirology. 2011;8(1):6.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Schliephake AW, Rethwilm A. Nuclear localization of foamy virus Gag precursor protein. J Virol. 1994;68(8):4946–54.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Tobaly-Tapiero J, Bittoun P, Lehmann-Che J, Delelis O, Giron ML, de Thé H, et al. Chromatin tethering of incoming foamy virus by the structural Gag protein. Traffic. 2008;9(10):1717–27.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Yu KL, Lee SH, Lee ES, You JC. HIV-1 nucleocapsid protein localizes efficiently to the nucleus and nucleolus. Virology. 2016;492:204–12.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Brzezinski JD, Modi A, Liu M, Roth MJ. Repression of the chromatin-tethering domain of murine leukemia virus p12. J Virol. 2016;90(24):11197–207.

Article  CAS