Programa Conjunto de las Naciones Unidas sobre el VIH/SIDA. Hoja informativa — Últimas estadísticas sobre el estado de la epidemia de sida. Onusida. 2021. (Accesed 12 Jul 2022). Available from: Available from: https://www.unaids.org/es/resources/fact-sheet

Unidad de vigilància del VIH, ITS y hepatitis. Actualización del Continua de Atención del VIH en España, 2017–2019. Madrid: Centro Nacional de Epidemiología - Instituto de Salud Carlos III / Plan Nacional sobre el SIDA – Dirección General de Salud Pública; 2020. Available from: https://www.sanidad.gob.es/ca/ciudadanos/enfLesiones/enfTransmisibles/sida/vigilancia/ESTIMACION_DEL_CONTINUO_DE_ATENCIoN_DEL_VIH_EN_ESPAnA_Nov2020.pdf.

Centre d’Estudis Epidemiològics sobre les Infeccions Transmissió Sexual i Sida de Catalunya (CEEISCAT). Memòria de resultats de la Cohort Poblacional de VIH Catalano Balear, PISCIS 1998–2018. Badalona; 2018. (Accesed 30 Aug 2021). Available from: www.ceeiscat.cat

Mutabazi-Mwesigire D, Seeley J, Faith M, Katamba A. Perceptions of quality of life among Ugandan patients living with HIV: a qualitative study. BMC Public Health. 2014;14:343. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-14-343.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Cooper V, Clatworthy J, Harding R, Whetham J. Emerge Consortium Measuring quality of life among people living with HIV: a systematic review of reviews. Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2017;15(1):220. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12955-017-0778-6.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Nakagawa F, Lodwick RK, Smith CJ, Smith R, Cambiano V, Lundgren JD, et al. Projected life expectancy of people with HIV according to timing of diagnosis. AIDS. 2012;26(3):335–43. https://doi.org/10.1097/QAD.0b013e32834dcec9.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Park-Wyllie LY, Strike CS, Antoniou T, Bayoumi AM. Adverse quality of life consequences of antiretroviral medications. AIDS Care. 2007;19(2):252–7. https://doi.org/10.1080/09540120600774180.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Slim J, Saling CF. A review of management of inflammation in the HIV population. Biomed Res Int. 2016:3420638. https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/3420638.

Popping S, Kall M, Nichols BE, Stempher E, Versteegh L, AMC van de Vijver D, et al. Quality of life among people living with HIV in England and the Netherlands: a population-based study. Lancet Reg Health Eur. 2021;8:100177. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lanepe.2021.100177.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Urzúa MA, Caqueo-Urízar A. Calidad de vida: una revisión teórica del concepto. Ter Psicol. 2012;30(1):61–71. https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-48082012000100006.

Article  Google Scholar 

Clayson DJ, Wild DJ, Quarterman P, Duprat-Lomon I, Kubin M, Coons SJ. A comparative review of health-related quality-of-life measures for use in HIV/AIDS clinical trials. Pharmacoeconomics. 2006;24(8):751–65. https://doi.org/10.2165/00019053-200624080-00003.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Urzúa MA. Calidad de vida relacionada con la salud: elementos conceptuales. Rev Med Chil. 2010;138(3):358–65. https://doi.org/10.4067/S0034-98872010000300017.

Article  Google Scholar 

Bakas T, McLennon SM, Carpenter JS, Buelow JM, Otte JL, Hanna KM, et al. Systematic review of health-related quality of life models. Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2012;10:134. https://doi.org/10.1186/1477-7525-10-134.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Miners A, Phillips A, Kreif N, Rodger A, Speakman A, Ficher M, et al. Health-related quality-of-life of people with HIV in the era of combination antiretroviral treatment: a cross-sectional comparison with the general population. Lancet HIV. 2014;1(1):e32-40. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2352-3018(14)70018-9.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

George S, Bergin C, Clarke S, Courtney G, Codd MB. Health-related quality of life and associated factors in people with HIV: An Irish cohort study. Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2016;14(1):115. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12955-016-0517-4.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Carter A, Loutfy M, de Pokomandy A, Colley G, Zhang W, Sereda P, et al. Health-related quality-of-life and receipt of women-centered HIV care among women living with HIV in Canada. Women Health. 2018;58(5):498–518. https://doi.org/10.1080/03630242.2017.1316346.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Castro R, De Boni RB, Luz PM, Velasque L, Lopes LV, Medina-Lara A, et al. Health-related quality of life assessment among people living with HIV in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: a cross-sectional study. Qual Life Res. 2019;28(4):1035–45. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11136-018-2044-8. (Epub 2018 Nov 10).

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Zeluf-Anderson G, Eriksson LE, Schönnesson LN, Höijer J, Månehall P, Ekström AM. Beyond viral suppression: the quality of life of people living with HIV in Sweden. AIDS Care. 2019;31(4):403–12. https://doi.org/10.1080/09540121.2018.1545990.

Article  Google Scholar 

Mahalakshmy T, Premarajan KC, Hamide A. Quality of life and its determinants in people living with human immunodeficiency virus infection in Puducherry, India. Indian J Community Med. 2011;36(3):203–7. https://doi.org/10.4103/0970-0218.86521.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Pérez IR, Olry De Labry Lima A, Del Castillo LS, Baño JR, Ruz MÁL, Del Arco Jimenez A. No differences in quality of life between men and women undergoing HIV antiretroviral treatment. Impact of demographic, clinical and psychosocial factors. AIDS Care. 2009;21(8):943–52. https://doi.org/10.1080/09540120802612840.

Peyre M, Gauchet A, Bissuel F, Blanc M, Boibieux A, Cotte L, et al. Satisfaction with sexual life in people living with HIV/AIDS: the persistent weight of the fear of transmission. AIDS Care. 2019;31(6):681–6. https://doi.org/10.1080/09540121.2018.1537465.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Singer M, Bulled N, Ostrach B. Syndemics and the biosocial conception of health. Lancet. 2017;389(10072):941–50. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(17)30003-X.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Singer M, Clair S. Syndemics and public health: reconceptualizing disease in bio-social context. Med Anthropol Q. 2003;17(4):423–41. https://doi.org/10.1525/maq.2003.17.4.423.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Singer M. A dose of drugs, a touch of violence, a case of AIDS: Conceptualizing the SAVA Syndemic. Free Inq Creat Sociol. 1996;24(2):99–110.

Google Scholar 

Sullivan KA, Messer LC, Quinlivan EB. Substance abuse, violence, and HIV/AIDS (SAVA) syndemic effects on viral suppression among HIV positive women of color. AIDS Patient Care STDS. 2015;29:S42–8. https://doi.org/10.1089/apc.2014.0278.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Chan RCH, Operario D, Mak WWS. Effects of HIV-related discrimination on psychosocial syndemics and sexual risk behavior among people living with HIV. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(6):1924. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17061924.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Singer M, Bulled N, Ostrach B. Whither syndemics?: Trends in syndemics research, a review 2015–2019. Glob Public Health. 2020;15(7):943–55. https://doi.org/10.1080/17441692.2020.1724317.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Jaén Á, Casabona J, Esteve A, Miró JM, Tural C, Ferrer E, et al. Características clinicoepidemiológicas y tendencias en el tratamiento antirretroviral de una cohorte de pacientes con infección por el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana. Cohorte PISCIS Med Clin. 2005;124(14):525–31.

Article  Google Scholar 

Heras S, Astorga E, Herencias A, Cervigon R, Galvez J. Prevalencia y tipos de trastornos psiquiátricos en la población VIH de un Centro de Salud. Rev Multidiscip del Sida. 2018;6(13):20–8.

Google Scholar 

Slot M, Sodemann M, Gabel C, Holmskov J, Laursen T, Rodkjaer L. Factors associated with risk of depression and relevant predictors of screening for depression in clinical practice: a cross-sectional study among HIV-infected individuals in Denmark. HIV Med. 2015;16(7):393–402. https://doi.org/10.1111/hiv.12223.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ley Orgánica 3/2018, De 5 De Diciembre, De Protección De Datos Personales Y Garantía De Los Derechos Digitales. Protección datos Pers. 2020;145–252. (Accesed 20 Nov 2021). Available from: https://www.boe.es/eli/es/lo/2018/12/05/3.

Ley 14/2007, de 3 de julio, de Investigación biomédica. 2007; 28826–48. (Accesed 20 Nov 2021). Available from: https://www.boe.es/buscar/doc.php?id=BOE-A-2007-12945.

Ford N, Meintjes G, Vitoria M, Greene G, Chiller T. The evolving role of CD4 cell counts in HIV care. Curr Opin HIV AIDS. 2017;12(2):123–8. https://doi.org/10.1097/COH.0000000000000348.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Panel on Antiretroviral Guidelines for Adults and Adolescents. Guidelines for the Use of Antiretroviral Agents in Adults and Adolescents with HIV. Department of Health and Human Services. 2021. (Accesed 14 Nov 2021). Available from: http://hivinfo.nih.gov.

Rand Corporation. 12-Item Short Form Survey (SF-12) | RAND. (Accesed 13 Jul 2021). Available from: https://www.rand.org/health-care/surveys_tools/mos/12-item-short-form.html.

Schmidt S, Vilagut G, Garin O, Cunillera O, Tresserras R, Brugulat P, et al. Normas de referencia para el Cuestionario de Salud SF-12 versión 2 basadas en población general de Cataluña. Rev Clin. 2012;139:613–25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.medcli.2011.10.024.

Article  Google Scholar 

Forero CG, Vilagut G, Alonso J. Obtención de puntuaciones en cuestionario SF-12 mediante modelos RT multidimensionales. In: XXIX Reunión Científica de la SEE y XIV Congreso SESPAS. Madrid, Spain; 2011.

Forero CG, Vilagut G, Adroher ND, Alonso J. Multidimensional item response theory models yielded good fit and reliable scores for the Short Form-12 questionnaire. J Clin Epidemiol. 2013;66(7):790–801. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclinepi.2013.02.007.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS). User Manual Quality of Life in Neurological Disorders (Neuro-QoL) Measures. 2015, version 2.0. (Accesed 25 Jul 2021). Available from: https://www.sralab.org/sites/default/files/2017-06/Neuro-QOL_User_Manual_v2_24Mar2015.pdf.

Becoña E, Vázquez FL. The Fagerström test for nicotine dependence in a Spanish sample. Psychol Rep. 1998;83(3 Pt 2):1455–8. https://doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1998.83.3f.1455.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kroenke K, Spitzer RL, Williams JB. The PHQ-9: validity of a brief depression severity measure. J Gen Intern Med. 2001;16(9):606–13. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1525-1497.2001.016009606.x.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Cella D, Lai JS, Nowinski CJ, Victorson D, Peterman A, Miller D, et al. Neuro-QOL: brief measures of health-related quality of life for clinical research in neurology. Neurology. 2012;78(23):1860–7. https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0b013e318258f744.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Fox RS, Peipert JD, Vera-Llonch M, Phillips G, Cella D. PROMIS® and Neuro-QoLTM measures are valid measures of health-related quality of life among patients with familial chylomicronemia syndrome. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther. 2020;18(4):231–8. https://doi.org/10.1080/14779072.2020.1748011.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Akinwande MO, Dikko HG, Samson A. Variance inflation factor: as a condition for the inclusion of suppressor variable(s) in regression analysis. Open J Stat. 2015;05(07):754–67. https://doi.org/10.4236/ojs.2015.57075.

Article  Google Scholar 

Rothman K. Epidemiology: an introduction. New York: Oxford University Press; 2002. p. 168–81.

Google Scholar 

Bulled N. A new approach to measurind the sinergy in a syndemic: Revising the SAVA syndemic among urban MSM in the United States. Glob Public Health. 2022;17(9):2070–80. https://doi.org/10.1080/17441692.2021.1974513.

Article  PubMed