Datta J, Palmer MJ, Tanton C, Gibson LJ, Jones KG, Macdowall W, et al. Prevalence of infertility and help seeking among 15 000 women and men. Hum Reprod. 2016;31(9):2108–18.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Madziyire MG, Magwali TL, Chikwasha V, Mhlanga T. The causes of infertility in women presenting to gynaecology clinics in Harare, Zimbabwe; a cross sectional study. Fertil Res Practice. 2021;7(1):1.

Article  Google Scholar 

GBD 2017 Population and Fertility Collaborators. Population and fertility by age and sex for 195 countries and territories, 1950-2017: a systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2017. Lancet (London, England). 2018;392(10159):1995–2051.

Boivin J, Bunting L, Collins JA, Nygren KG. International estimates of infertility prevalence and treatment-seeking: potential need and demand for infertility medical care. Hum Reprod. 2007;22(6):1506–12.

Article  Google Scholar 

Wang R, Kim BV, van Wely M, Johnson NP, Costello MF, Zhang H, et al. Treatment strategies for women with WHO group II anovulation: systematic review and network meta-analysis. BMJ (Clinical research ed). 2017;356:j138.

Google Scholar 

Meirow D, Schenker JG. The link between female infertility and cancer: epidemiology and possible aetiologies. Hum Reprod Update. 1996;2(1):63–75.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Lundberg FE, Iliadou AN, Rodriguez-Wallberg K, Gemzell-Danielsson K, Johansson ALV. The risk of breast and gynecological cancer in women with a diagnosis of infertility: a nationwide population-based study. Eur J Epidemiol. 2019;34(5):499–507.

Article  Google Scholar 

Fathalla MF. Incessant ovulation--a factor in ovarian neoplasia? Lancet (London, England). 1971;2(7716):163.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Cramer DW, Welch WR. Determinants of ovarian cancer risk. II. Inferences regarding pathogenesis. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1983;71(4):717–21.

CAS  Google Scholar 

Mertens-Walker I, Baxter RC, Marsh DJ. Gonadotropin signalling in epithelial ovarian cancer. Cancer Lett. 2012;324(2):152–9.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Whittemore AS, Harris R, Itnyre J. Characteristics relating to ovarian cancer risk: collaborative analysis of 12 US case-control studies. II. Invasive epithelial ovarian cancers in white women. Collaborative Ovarian Cancer Group. Am J Epidemiol. 1992;136(10):1184–203.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Reigstad MM, Storeng R, Myklebust T, Oldereid NB, Omland AK, Robsahm TE, et al. Cancer risk in women treated with fertility drugs according to parity status-a registry-based cohort study. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2017;26(6):953–62.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Stang A. Critical evaluation of the Newcastle-Ottawa scale for the assessment of the quality of nonrandomized studies in meta-analyses. Eur J Epidemiol. 2010;25(9):603–5.

Article  Google Scholar 

Yamada T, Shojima N, Yamauchi T, Kadowaki T. J-curve relation between daytime nap duration and type 2 diabetes or metabolic syndrome: a dose-response meta-analysis. Sci Rep. 2016;6:38075.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Cumpston M, Li T, Page MJ, Chandler J, Welch VA, Higgins JP, et al. Updated guidance for trusted systematic reviews: a new edition of the Cochrane handbook for systematic reviews of interventions. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2019;10:Ed000142.

Google Scholar 

Siddaway AP, Wood AM, Hedges LV. How to do a systematic review: a best practice guide for conducting and reporting narrative reviews, meta-analyses, and meta-syntheses. Annu Rev Psychol. 2019;70:747–70.

Article  Google Scholar 

Higgins JP, Thompson SG, Deeks JJ, Altman DG. Measuring inconsistency in meta-analyses. BMJ (Clinical research ed). 2003;327(7414):557–60.

Article  Google Scholar 

Zhang Y, Ren T, Li H, Zhu L, Tang Q. Effectiveness and safety of acupuncture for anxiety disorder of coronavirus disease 2019: a protocol of systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine. 2020;99(38):e22177.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Song F, Gilbody S. Bias in meta-analysis detected by a simple, graphical test. Increase in studies of publication bias coincided with increasing use of meta-analysis. BMJ (Clinical research ed). 1998;316(7129):471.

CAS  Google Scholar 

Spaan M, van den Belt-Dusebout AW, Lambalk CB, van Boven HH, Schats R, Kortman M, et al. Long-term risk of ovarian cancer and borderline tumors after assisted reproductive technology. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2021;113(6):699–709.

Article  Google Scholar 

Lundberg FE, Johansson ALV, Rodriguez-Wallberg K, Gemzell-Danielsson K, Iliadou AN. Assisted reproductive technology and risk of ovarian cancer and borderline tumors in parous women: a population-based cohort study. Eur J Epidemiol. 2019;34(11):1093–101.

Article  Google Scholar 

Bjørnholt SM, Kjaer SK, Nielsen TS, Jensen A. Risk for borderline ovarian tumours after exposure to fertility drugs: results of a population-based cohort study. Hum Reprod. 2015;30(1):222–31.

Article  Google Scholar 

Asante A, Leonard PH, Weaver AL, Goode EL, Jensen JR, Stewart EA, et al. Fertility drug use and the risk of ovarian tumors in infertile women: a case-control study. Fertil Steril. 2013;99(7):2031–6.

Article  Google Scholar 

van Leeuwen FE, Klip H, Mooij TM, van de Swaluw AM, Lambalk CB, Kortman M, et al. Risk of borderline and invasive ovarian tumours after ovarian stimulation for in vitro fertilization in a large Dutch cohort. Hum Reprod. 2011;26(12):3456–65.

Article  Google Scholar 

Sanner K, Conner P, Bergfeldt K, Dickman P, Sundfeldt K, Bergh T, et al. Ovarian epithelial neoplasia after hormonal infertility treatment: long-term follow-up of a historical cohort in Sweden. Fertil Steril. 2009;91(4):1152–8.

Article  Google Scholar 

Kristiansson P, Björ O, Wramsby H. Tumour incidence in Swedish women who gave birth following IVF treatment. Hum Reprod. 2007;22(2):421–6.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Cusidó M, Fábregas R, Pere BS, Escayola C, Barri PN. Ovulation induction treatment and risk of borderline ovarian tumors. Gynecol Endocrinol. 2007;23(7):373–6.

Article  Google Scholar 

Mosgaard BJ, Lidegaard O, Kjaer SK, Schou G, Andersen AN. Ovarian stimulation and borderline ovarian tumors: a case-control study. Fertil Steril. 1998;70(6):1049–55.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Shushan A, Paltiel O, Iscovich J, Elchalal U, Peretz T, Schenker JG. Human menopausal gonadotropin and the risk of epithelial ovarian cancer. Fertil Steril. 1996;65(1):13–8.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Harris R, Whittemore AS, Itnyre J. Characteristics relating to ovarian cancer risk: collaborative analysis of 12 US case-control studies. III. Epithelial tumors of low malignant potential in white women. Collaborative Ovarian Cancer Group. Am J Epidemiol. 1992;136(10):1204–11.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Kessous R, Davidson E, Meirovitz M, Sergienko R, Sheiner E. The risk of female malignancies after fertility treatments: a cohort study with 25-year follow-up. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol. 2016;142(1):287–93.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Gronwald J, Glass K, Rosen B, Karlan B, Tung N, Neuhausen SL, et al. Treatment of infertility does not increase the risk of ovarian cancer among women with a BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation. Fertil Steril. 2016;105(3):781–5.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Trabert B, Lamb EJ, Scoccia B, Moghissi KS, Westhoff CL, Niwa S, et al. Ovulation-inducing drugs and ovarian cancer risk: results from an extended follow-up of a large United States infertility cohort. Fertil Steril. 2013;100(6):1660–6.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Brinton LA, Trabert B, Shalev V, Lunenfeld E, Sella T, Chodick G. In vitro fertilization and risk of breast and gynecologic cancers: a retrospective cohort study within the Israeli Maccabi Healthcare Services. Fertil Steril. 2013;99(5):1189–96.

Article  Google Scholar 

Lerner-Geva L, Rabinovici J, Olmer L, Blumstein T, Mashiach S, Lunenfeld B. Are infertility treatments a potential risk factor for cancer development? Perspective of 30 years of follow-up. Gynecol Endocrinol. 2012;28(10):809–14.

Article  Google Scholar 

Kurta ML, Moysich KB, Weissfeld JL, Youk AO, Bunker CH, Edwards RP, et al. Use of fertility drugs and risk of ovarian cancer: results from a U.S.-based case-control study. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2012;21(8):1282–92.

Article  Google Scholar 

Franceschi S, La Vecchia C, Negri E, Guarneri S, Montella M, Conti E, et al. Fertility drugs and risk of epithelial ovarian cancer in Italy. Hum Reprod. 1994;9(9):1673–5.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Mosgaard BJ, Lidegaard O, Kjaer SK, Schou G, Andersen AN. Infertility, fertility drugs, and invasive ovarian cancer: a case-control study. Fertil Steril. 1997;67(6):1005–12.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Parazzini F, Negri E, La Vecchia C, Moroni S, Franceschi S, Crosignani PG. Treatment for infertility and risk of invasive epithelial ovarian cancer. Hum Reprod. 1997;12(10):2159–61.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Parazzini F, Pelucchi C, Negri E, Franceschi S, Talamini R, Montella M, et al. Use of fertility drugs and risk of ovarian cancer. Hum Reprod. 2001;16(7):1372–5.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Ness RB, Cramer DW, Goodman MT, Kjaer SK, Mallin K, Mosgaard BJ, et al. Infertility, fertility drugs, and ovarian cancer: a pooled analysis of case-control studies. Am J Epidemiol. 2002;155(3):217–24.

Article  Google Scholar 

Rossing MA, Tang MT, Flagg EW, Weiss LK, Wicklund KG. A case-control study of ovarian cancer in relation to infertility and the use of ovulation-inducing drugs. Am J Epidemiol. 2004;160(11):1070–8.

Article  Google Scholar 

Jensen A, Sharif H, Frederiksen K, Kjaer SK. Use of fertility drugs and risk of ovarian cancer: Danish population based cohort study. BMJ (Clinical research ed). 2009;338:b249.

Article  Google Scholar 

Venn A, Watson L, Lumley J, Giles G, King C, Healy D. Breast and ovarian cancer incidence after infertility and in vitro fertilisation. Lancet (London, England). 1995;346(8981):995–1000.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Modan B, Ron E, Lerner-Geva L, Blumstein T, Menczer J, Rabinovici J, et al. Cancer incidence in a cohort of infertile women. Am J Epidemiol. 1998;147(11):1038–42.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Potashnik G, Lerner-Geva L, Genkin L, Chetrit A, Lunenfeld E, Porath A. Fertility drugs and the risk of breast and ovarian cancers: results of a long-term follow-up study. Fertil Steril. 1999;71(5):853–9.