Shin HR, Kim JY, Yun TK, Morgan G, Vainio H. The cancer-preventive potential of Panax ginseng: a review of human and experimental evidence. Cancer Causes Control. 2000;11(6):565–76.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Paik DJ, Lee CH. Review of cases of patient risk associated with ginseng abuse and misuse. J Ginseng Res. 2015;39(2):89–93.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Chen S, Wang Z, Huang Y, O’Barr SA, Wong RA, Yeung S, Chow MSS. Ginseng and anticancer drug combination to improve cancer chemotherapy: a critical review. Evid-Based Complement Altern Med. 2014;2014:1–13.

Google Scholar 

Hu SY. The genus Panax (ginseng) in Chinese medicine. Econ Bot. 1976;30(1):11–28.

Article  Google Scholar 

Harkey MR, Henderson GL, Gershwin ME, Stern JS, Hackman RM. Variability in commercial ginseng products: an analysis of 25 preparations. Am J Clin Nutr. 2001;73(6):1101–6.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Foster S. Towards understanding of ginseng adulteration: the tangled web of names, history, trade and perception. HerbalGram. 2016;111:37–57.

Google Scholar 

Leung KW, Wong AS-T. Pharmacology of ginsenosides: a literature review. Chinese medicine. 2010;5(1):20.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

National Institute of Standards and Technology. Certificate of Analysis Standard Reference Material® 3246 Gingko biloba (Leaves). 2019. Available at: https://www-s.nist.gov/srmors/view_detail.cfm?srm=3246. Accessed 17 Oct  2022.

National Institute of Standards and Technology. Certificate of Analysis Standard Reference Material® 3247 Ginkgo biloba (Extract). 2019. Available at: https://www-s.nist.gov/srmors/view_detail.cfm?srm=3247. Accessed 17 Oct 2022.

National Institute of Standards and Technology. Certificate of Analysis Standard Reference Material® 3248 Ginkgo-Containing Tablets. 2019. Available at: https://www-s.nist.gov/srmors/view_detail.cfm?srm=3248. Accessed 17 Oct 2022.

National Institute of Standards and Technology (2018) Certificate of Analysis Standard Reference Material® 3254 Green Tea (Camellia sinensis) Leaves. Available at: https://www-s.nist.gov/srmors/view_detail.cfm?srm=3254. Accessed 17 Oct 2022.

National Institute of Standards and Technology (2018) Certificate of Analysis Standard Reference Material® 3255 Green Tea (Camellia sinensis) Extract. Available at: https://www-s.nist.gov/srmors/view_detail.cfm?srm=3255. Accessed 17 Oct 2022.

National Institute of Standards and Technology (2018) Certificate of Analysis Standard Reference Material® 3256 Green Tea-Containing Solid Oral Dosage Form. Available at: https://www-s.nist.gov/srmors/view_detail.cfm?srm=3256. Accessed 17 Oct 2022.

Zhang LX, Burdette CQ, Phillips MM, Rimmer CA, Marcus RK. Determination of isoflavone content in SRM 3238 using liquid chromatography-particle beam/electron ionization mass spectrometry. J AOAC Int. 2015;98(6):1483–90.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Phillips MM, Sharpless KE, Wise SA. Standard reference materials for food analysis. Anal Bioanal Chem. 2013;405(13):4325–35.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Gahche JJ, Bailey RL, Potischman N, Ershow AG, Herrick KA, Ahluwalia N, Dwyer JT. Federal monitoring of dietary supplement use in the resident, civilian, noninstitutionalized US population, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. J Nutr. 2018;148(Suppl 2):1436S-1444S.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

National Institute of Standards and Technology. Certificate of Analysis Standard Reference Material® 3389 Ginsenoside Calibration Solutions. 2020. Available at: https://www-s.nist.gov/srmors/view_detail.cfm?srm=3389. Accessed 17 Oct 2022.

Wilson WB, Sander LC. Method development for the certification of a ginsenoside calibration solution via liquid chromatography with absorbance and mass spectrometric detection. J Chromatogr A. 2018;1574:114–21.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

MacCrehan WA, White CM. Simplified ultrasonically-and microwave-assisted solvent extractions for the determination of ginsenosides in powdered Panax ginseng rhizomes using liquid chromatography with UV absorbance or electrospray mass spectrometric detection. Anal Bioanal Chem. 2013;405(13):4511–22.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Li W, Fitzloff JF. HPLC determination of ginsenosides content in ginseng dietary supplements using ultraviolet detection. J Liq Chromatogr Relat Technol. 2002;25(16):2485–500.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Gao J, Qiu Y, Chen J, Mu S, Sun L. Simultaneous determination of nineteen major active compounds in Qiangshen tablet by UPLC-ESI-MS/MS. J Pharm Biomed Anal. 2016;128:519–27.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Liu J, Liu Y, Zhao L, Zhang Z-H, Tang Z-H. Profiling of ginsenosides in the two medicinal Panax herbs based on ultra-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization–mass spectrometry. Springerplus. 2016;5(1):1770.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Dai G, Jiang Z, Zhu L, Zhang Q, Zong Y, Liu S, Li C, Ju W. Simultaneous determination of notoginsenoside R1 and ginsenoside Re in rat plasma by ultra high performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry and its application to a pharmacokinetic study. J Sep Sci. 2016;39(17):3368–74.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

National Institute of Standards and Technology. Certificate of analysis Standard Reference Material® 3384 Ground Asian Ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) Rhizome. 2021. Available at: https://www-s.nist.gov/srmors/view_detail.cfm?srm=3384. Accessed 17 Oct 2022.

National Institute of Standards and Technology. Certificate of analysis Standard Reference Material® 3385 Asian Ginseng (Panax ginseng) Extract. 2021. Available at: https://www-s.nist.gov/srmors/view_detail.cfm?srm=3385. Accessed 17 Oct 2022.

National Institute of Standards and Technology. Reference Material Information Sheet Reference Material 8664 Ginseng-Containing Solid Oral Dosage Form. 2021. Available at: https://www-s.nist.gov/srmors/view_detail.cfm?srm=8664. Accessed 17 Oct 2022.

Zhang S, Chen R, Wu H, Wang C. Ginsenoside extraction from Panax quinquefolium L.(American ginseng) root by using ultrahigh pressure. J Pharm Biomed Anal. 2006;41(1):57–63.

Choi MP, Chan KK, Leung HW, Huie CW. Pressurized liquid extraction of active ingredients (ginsenosides) from medicinal plants using non-ionic surfactant solutions. J Chromatogr A. 2003;983(1–2):153–62.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

National Research Council Canada. Certificate of Analysis Certified Reference Material GINX-1 North American Ginseng Extract. 2017. Available at: https://nrc-digital-repository.canada.ca/eng/view/object/?id=86ec3bf0-27ad-4c89-9088-64b3074645db. Accessed 17 Oct 2022.