Hollenberg, S.M., and M. Singer. 2021. Pathophysiology of sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy. Nature Reviews. Cardiology 18: 424–434.

Article  Google Scholar 

Lelubre, C., and J.L. Vincent. 2018. Mechanisms and treatment of organ failure in sepsis. Nature Reviews. Nephrology 14: 417–427.

Article  Google Scholar 

Bernardin, G., C. Pradier, F. Tiger, P. Deloffre, and M. Mattei. 1996. Blood pressure and arterial lactate level are early indicators of short-term survival in human septic shock. Intensive Care Medicine 22: 17–25.

CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

Angé, M., J. De Poortere, A. Ginion, S. Battault, M. Dechamps, G.G. Muccioli, M. Roumain, J. Morelle, S. Druart, T. Mathivet, L. Bertrand, D. Castanares-Zapatero, S. Horman, and C. Beauloye. 2021. Canagliflozin protects against sepsis capillary leak syndrome by activating endothelial α1AMPK. Scientific Reports 11: 13700.

Article  Google Scholar 

Pi, Q.Z., X.W. Wang, Z.L. Jian, D. Chen, C. Zhang, and Q.C. Wu. 2021. Melatonin alleviates cardiac dysfunction via increasing Sirt1-mediated beclin-1 deacetylation and autophagy during sepsis. Inflammation 44: 1184–1193.

CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

Angus, D.C., and T. van der Poll. 2013. Severe sepsis and septic shock. The New England Journal of Medicine 369: 840–851.

CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

Rajendran, P., T. Rengarajan, J. Thangavel, Y. Nishigaki, D. Sakthisekaran, G. Sethi, and I. Nishigaki. 2013. The vascular endothelium and human diseases. International Journal of Biological Sciences 9: 1057–1069.

CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

Ince, C., P.R. Mayeux, T. Nguyen, H. Gomez, J.A. Kellum, G.A. Ospina-Tascón, G. Hernandez, P. Murray, D. De Backer, and A.D.Q.I.X.I.V. Workgroup. 2016. The endothelium in sepsis. Shock 45: 259–270.

CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

Joffre, J., J. Hellman, C. Ince, and H. Ait-Oufella. 2020. Endothelial responses in sepsis. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 202: 361–370.

CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

Li, Z., M. Yin, H. Zhang, W. Ni, R.W. Pierce, H.J. Zhou, and W. Min. 2020. BMX represses thrombin-PAR1-mediated endothelial permeability and vascular leakage during early sepsis. Circulation Research 126: 471–485.

CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

Lambert, G., B. Sjouke, B. Choque, J.J. Kastelein, and G.K. Hovingh. 2012. The PCSK9 decade. Journal of Lipid Research 53: 2515–2524.

CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

Ragusa, R., G. Basta, D. Neglia, R. De Caterina, S. Del Turco, and C. Caselli. 2021. PCSK9 and atherosclerosis: Looking beyond LDL regulation. European Journal of Clinical Investigation 51: e13459.

CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

Feng, Q., W.Q. Wei, S. Chaugai, B.G. Carranza Leon, V. Kawai, D.A. Carranza Leon, L. Jiang, X. Zhong, G. Liu, A. Ihegword, C.M. Shaffer, M.F. Linton, C.P. Chung, and C.M. Stein. 2019. A genetic approach to the association between PCSK9 and sepsis. JAMA Network Open 2: e1911130.

Article  Google Scholar 

Berger, J.M., A. Loza Valdes, J. Gromada, N. Anderson, and J.D. Horton. 2017. Inhibition of PCSK9 does not improve lipopolysaccharide-induced mortality in mice. Journal of Lipid Research 58: 1661–1669.

CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

Ding, Z., N. Pothineni, A. Goel, T.F. Lüscher, and J.L. Mehta. 2020. PCSK9 and inflammation: Role of shear stress, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and LOX-1. Cardiovascular Research 116: 908–915.

CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

Yuan, Y., W. Wu, S. Sun, Y. Zhang, and Z. Chen. 2020. PCSK9: A potential therapeutic target for sepsis. Journal of Immunology Research 2020: 2687692.

PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Yu, H., Q. Liu, G. Chen, L. Huang, M. Luo, D. Lv, and S. Luo. 2022. SIRT3-AMPK signaling pathway as a protective target in endothelial dysfunction of early sepsis. International Immunopharmacology 106: 108600.

CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

Tourki, B., L.M. Black, V. Kain, and G.V. Halade. 2021. Lipoxygenase inhibitor ML351 dysregulated an innate inflammatory response leading to impaired cardiac repair in acute heart failure. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy = Biomédecine & Pharmacothérapie 139: 111574.

Palee, S., C.M. McSweeney, C. Maneechote, D.M. Moisescu, T. Jaiwongkam, S. Kerdphoo, S.C. Chattipakorn, and N. Chattipakorn. 2019. PCSK9 inhibitor improves cardiac function and reduces infarct size in rats with ischaemia/reperfusion injury: Benefits beyond lipid-lowering effects. Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine 23: 7310–7319.

CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

You, Y., W. Tan, Y. Guo, M. Luo, F.F. Shang, Y. Xia, and S. Luo. 2020. Progesterone promotes endothelial nitric oxide synthase expression through enhancing nuclear progesterone receptor-SP-1 formation. American Journal of Physiology. Heart and Circulatory Physiology 319: H341–H348.

CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

Luo, M., J. Meng, J. Yan, F. Shang, T. Zhang, D. Lv, C. Li, X. Yang, and S. Luo. 2020. Role of the nucleotide-binding domain-like receptor protein 3 inflammasome in the endothelial dysfunction of early sepsis. Inflammation 43: 1561–1571.

CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

Tang, Z.H., J. Peng, Z. Ren, J. Yang, T.T. Li, T.H. Li, Z. Wang, D.H. Wei, L.S. Liu, X.L. Zheng, and Z.S. Jiang. 2017. New role of PCSK9 in atherosclerotic inflammation promotion involving the TLR4/NF-κB pathway. Atherosclerosis 262: 113–122.

CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

Esposito, S., G. De Simone, G. Boccia, F. De Caro, and P. Pagliano. 2017. Sepsis and septic shock: New definitions, new diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. Journal of Global Antimicrobial Resistance 10: 204–212.

Article  Google Scholar 

Rello, J., F. Valenzuela-Sánchez, M. Ruiz-Rodriguez, and S. Moyano. 2017. Sepsis: A review of advances in management. Advances in Therapy 34: 2393–2411.

CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

Pool, R., H. Gomez, and J.A. Kellum. 2018. Mechanisms of organ dysfunction in sepsis. Critical Care Clinicss 34: 63–80.

Article  Google Scholar 

Evans, L., A. Rhodes, W. Alhazzani, M. Antonelli, C.M. Coopersmith, C. French, F.R. Machado, L. Mcintyre, M. Ostermann, H.C. Prescott, C. Schorr, S. Simpson, W.J. Wiersinga, F. Alshamsi, D.C. Angus, Y. Arabi, L. Azevedo, R. Beale, G. Beilman, E. Belley-Cote, L. Burry, M. Cecconi, J. Centofanti, A. Coz Yataco, J. De Waele, R.P. Dellinger, K. Doi, B. Du, E. Estenssoro, R. Ferrer, C. Gomersall, C. Hodgson, M.H. Møller, T. Iwashyna, S. Jacob, R. Kleinpell, M. Klompas, Y. Koh, A. Kumar, A. Kwizera, S. Lobo, H. Masur, S. McGloughlin, S. Mehta, Y. Mehta, M. Mer, M. Nunnally, S. Oczkowski, T. Osborn, E. Papathanassoglou, A. Perner, M. Puskarich, J. Roberts, W. Schweickert, M. Seckel, J. Sevransky, C.L. Sprung, T. Welte, J. Zimmerman, and M. Levy. 2021. Surviving sepsis campaign: International guidelines for management of sepsis and septic shock 2021. Intensive Care Medicine 47: 1181–1247.

Article  Google Scholar 

Lipinska-Gediga, M. 2016. Sepsis and septic shock-is a microcirculation a main player. Anaesthesiology Intensive Therapy 48: 261–265.

Article  Google Scholar 

Sharawy, N., and C. Lehmann. 2015. New directions for sepsis and septic shock research. The Journal of Surgical Research 194: 520–527.

Article  Google Scholar 

Lammert, E., and J. Axnick. 2012. Vascular lumen formation. Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine 2: a006619.

Article  Google Scholar 

Godo, S., and H. Shimokawa. 2017. Endothelial functions. Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology 37: e108–e114.

CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

Volk, T., and W.J. Kox. 2000. Endothelium function in sepsis. Inflammation Research: Official Journal of the European Histamine Research Society 49: 185–198.

Wu, W., P. Geng, J. Zhu, J. Li, L. Zhang, W. Chen, D. Zhang, Y. Lu, and X. Xu. 2019. KLF2 regulates eNOS uncoupling via Nrf2/HO-1 in endothelial cells under hypoxia and reoxygenation. Chemico-biological Interactions 305: 105–111.

CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

Vestweber, D. 2008. VE-cadherin: The major endothelial adhesion molecule controlling cellular junctions and blood vessel formation. Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology 28: 223–232.

CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

Pasta, A., A.L. Cremonini, L. Pisciotta, A. Buscaglia, I. Porto, F. Barra, S. Ferrero, C. Brunelli, and G.M. Rosa. 2020. PCSK9 inhibitors for treating hypercholesterolemia. Expert Opinion On Pharmacotherapy 21: 353–363.

CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

Innocenti, F., A.M. Gori, B. Giusti, C. Tozzi, C. Donnini, F. Meo, I. Giacomelli, M.L. Ralli, A. Sereni, E. Sticchi, I. Tassinari, R. Marcucci, and R. Pini. 2021. Plasma PCSK9 levels and sepsis severity: An early assessment in the emergency department. Clinical and Experimental Medicine 21: 101–107.

CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

Dwivedi, D.J., P.M. Grin, M. Khan, A. Prat, J. Zhou, A.E. Fox-Robichaud, N.G. Seidah, and P.C. Liaw. 2016. Differential expression of PCSK9 modulates infection, inflammation, and coagulation in a murine model of sepsis. Shock 46: 672–680.

CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

Zusso, M., V. Lunardi, D. Franceschini, A. Pagetta, R. Lo, S. Stifani, A.C. Frigo, P. Giusti, and S. Moro. 2019. Ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin attenuate microglia inflammatory response via TLR4/NF-kB pathway. Journal of Neuroinflammation 16: 148.

Article  Google Scholar 

Ye, M., Y. Tang, J. He, Y. Yang, X. Cao, S. Kou, L. Wang, L. Sheng, and J. Xue. 2021. Alleviation of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease by Huazhi Fugan Granules is associated with suppression of TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway. Clínica e investigación en arteriosclerosis : Publicación oficial de la Sociedad Española de Arteriosclerosis 33: 257–266.

Article  Google Scholar 

Lawrence, T. 2009. The nuclear factor NF-kappaB pathway in inflammation. Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology 1: a001651.

Article  Google Scholar 

Lv, D., M. Luo, J. Yan, X. Yang, and S. Luo. 2021. Protective effect of sirtuin 3 on CLP-induced endothelial dysfunction of early sepsis by inhibiting NF-κB and NLRP3 signaling pathways. Inflammation 44: 1782–1792.

CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

Sutterwala, F.S., S. Haasken, and S.L. Cassel. 2014. Mechanism of NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 1319: 82–95.

CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

Sharif, H., L. Wang, W.L. Wang, V.G. Magupalli, L. Andreeva, Q. Qiao, A.V. Hauenstein, Z. Wu, G. Núñez, Y. Mao, and H. Wu. 2019. Structural mechanism for NEK7-licensed activation of NLRP3 inflammasome. Nature 570: 338–343.

CAS  Article  Google Scholar