Urayama A, Yamada N, Sasaki T. Unilateral acute uveitis with periarteritis and detachment.. 1971;25:607–19. (in Japanese).

Culbertson WW, Blumenkranz MS, Haines H, Gass JDM, Mitchell KB, Norton EW. The acute retinal necrosis syndrome: part 2: histopathology and etiology. Ophthalmology. 1982;89:1317–25.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Silverstein BE, Conrad D, Margolis TP, Wong IG. Cytomegalovirus-associated acute retinal necrosis syndrome. Am J Ophthalmol. 1997;123:257–8.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ganatra JB, Chandler D, Santos C, Kuppermann B, Margolis TP. Viral causes of the acute retinal necrosis syndrome. Am J Ophthalmol. 2000;129:166–72.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Walters G, James TE. Viral causes of the acute retinal necrosis syndrome. Curr Opin Ophthalmol. 2001;12:191–5.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Lau CH, Missotten T, Salzmann J, Lightman SL. Acute retinal necrosis: features, management, and outcomes. Ophthalmology. 2007;114:756–62.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Holland GN. Standard diagnostic criteria for the acute retinal necrosis syndrome. Am J Ophthalmol. 1994;117:663–6.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Cochrane T, Silvestri G, McDowell C, Foot B, McAvoy C. Acute retinal necrosis in the United Kingdom: results of a prospective surveillance study. Eye. 2012;26:370–8.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Muthiah MN, Michaelides M, Child C, Mitchell SM. Acute retinal necrosis: a national population based study to assess the incidence, methods of diagnosis, treatment strategies and outcomes in the United Kingdom. Br J Ophthalmol. 2007;91:1452–5.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Hillenkamp J, Nölle B, Bruns C, Rautenberg P, Fickenscher H, Roider J. Acute retinal necrosis: clinical features, early vitrectomy, and outcomes. Ophthalmology. 2009;116:1971–5.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Butler NJ, Moradi A, Salek SS, Burkholder BM, Leung TG, Dunn JP, et al. Acute retinal necrosis: presenting characteristics and clinical outcomes in a cohort of polymerase chain reaction–positive patients. Am J Ophthalmol. 2017;179:179–89.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Zhao X-Y, Meng L-H, Zhang W-F, Wang D-Y, Chen Y-X. Retinal detachment after acute retinal necrosis and the efficacies of different interventions: a systematic review and metaanalysis. Retina. 2021;41:965–78.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Holladay JT. Proper method for calculating average visual acuity. J Refract Surg. 1997;13:388–91.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kaneko H, Asami T, Sugita T, Tsunekawa T, Matsuura T, Takayama K, et al. Better visual outcome by Intraocular Lens Ejection in geriatric patients with ruptured ocular injuries. PLoS ONE. 2017;12:e0170094.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Nayak S, Acharjya B. Deflazacort versus other glucocorticoids: a comparison. Indian J Dermatol. 2008;53:167–70.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Drew WL, Buhles W, Erlich K. Management of herpes virus infection (cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex virus and varicella zoster virus). In: Volberding P, Greene W, Lange J, Gallant J, Sewankambo N, editors. Sande’s HIV/AIDS Medicine: Medical Management of AIDS. London: Saunders; 2012. pp.433–54.

Chapter  Google Scholar 

Wong R, Pavesio CE, Laidlaw DAH, Williamson TH, Graham EM, Stanford MR. Acute retinal necrosis: the effects of intravitreal foscarnet and virus type on outcome. Ophthalmology. 2010;117:556–60.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Risseeuw S, de Boer JH, ten, Dam–van Loon NH, van Leeuwen R. Risk of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment in acute retinal necrosis with and without prophylactic intervention. Am J Ophthalmol. 2019;206:140-8.

Bavinger JC, Anthony CL, Lindeke-Myers AT, Lynch S, Xu LT, Barnett J, et al. Risk factors for retinal detachment in acute retinal necrosis. Ophthalmol Retina. 2022;6:478–83.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Usui Y, Takeuchi M, Goto H, Mori H, Kezuka T, Sakai J, et al. Acute retinal necrosis in Japan. Ophthalmology. 2008;115:1632–3.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Berbudi A, Rahmadika N, Tjahjadi AI, Ruslami R. Type 2 diabetes and its impact on the immune system. Curr Diabetes Rev. 2020;16:442–9.

PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Blumenkranz MS, Culbertson WW, Clarkson JG, Dix R. Treatment of the acute retinal necrosis syndrome with intravenous acyclovir. Ophthalmology. 1986;93:296–300.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Hirst L, Beyer T, Waters D, Fleischman J. Successful management of acute retinal necrosis with intravenous acyclovir. Ann Ophthalmol. 1987;19:445–8.

CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Baltinas J, Lightman S, Tomkins-Netzer O. Comparing treatment of acute retinal necrosis with either oral valacyclovir or intravenous acyclovir. Am J Ophthalmol. 2018;188:173–80.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Chen M, Zhang M, Chen H. Efficiency of laser photocoagulation on the prevention of retinal detachment in acute retinal necrosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Retina. 2022;42:1702–8.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Lains I, Eliott D. Challenges and updates on the management of Acute Retinal Necrosis. Int Ophthalmol Clin. 2022;62:173–96.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Powell B, Wang D, Llop S, Rosen RB. Management strategies of acute retinal necrosis: current perspectives. Clin Ophthalmol. 2020;14:1931–43.

Schoenberger SD, Kim SJ, Thorne JE, Mruthyunjaya P, Yeh S, Bakri SJ, et al. Diagnosis and treatment of acute retinal necrosis: a report by the American Academy of Ophthalmology. Ophthalmology. 2017;124:382–92.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar