Galimberti V, Bassani G, Monti S et al (2004) Clinical experience with axillary presentation breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 88(1):43–47. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10549-004-9453-9

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Montagna E, Bagnardi V, Rotmensz N et al (2011) Immunohistochemically defined subtypes and outcome in occult breast carcinoma with axillary presentation. Breast Cancer Res Treat 129(3):867–875. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10549-011-1697-6

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Li J, Liu G, Jia Z, Ren F, Dong D, Zhang M, Wang X, Wang Y (2023) Occult breast cancer patients with mastectomy have better prognosis than those with breast-conserving therapy. Future Oncol 19(36):2405–2416. https://doi.org/10.2217/fon-2023-0685

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Krämer A, Bochtler T, Pauli C, Fizazi K et al (2023) Cancer of unknown primary: ESMO clinical practice guideline for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. Ann Oncol 34(3):228–246. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annonc.2022.11.013

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Hessler LK, Molitoris JK, Rosenblatt PY, Bellavance EC, Nichols EM, Tkaczuk KHR, Feigenberg SJ, Bentzen SM, Kesmodel SB (2017) Factors influencing management and outcome in patients with occult breast cancer with axillary lymph node involvement: analysis of the national cancer database. Ann Surg Oncol 24(10):2907–2914. https://doi.org/10.1245/s10434-017-5928-x

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

He M, Tang LC, Yu KD, Cao AY, Shen ZZ, Shao ZM, Di GH (2012) Treatment outcomes and unfavorable prognostic factors in patients with occult breast cancer. Eur J Surg Oncol 38(11):1022–1028. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejso.2012.08.022

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Masinghe SP, Faluyi OO, Kerr GR, Kunkler IH (2011) Breast radiotherapy for occult breast cancer with axillary nodal metastases–does it reduce the local recurrence rate and increase overall survival? Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 23(2):95–100. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clon.2010.10.001

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Macedo FI, Eid JJ, Flynn J, Jacobs MJ, Mittal VK (2016) Optimal surgical management for occult breast carcinoma: a meta-analysis. Ann Surg Oncol 23(6):1838–1844. https://doi.org/10.1245/s10434-016-5104-8

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

McCartan DP, Zabor EC, Morrow M, Van Zee KJ, El-Tamer MB (2017) Oncologic outcomes after treatment for MRI occult breast cancer (pT0N+). Ann Surg Oncol 24(11):3141–3147. https://doi.org/10.1245/s10434-017-5965-5

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Schwentner L, Helms G, Nekljudova V et al (2017) Using ultrasound and palpation for predicting axillary lymph node status following neoadjuvant chemotherapy—results from the multi-center SENTINA trial. Breast 31:202–207. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.breast.2016.11.012

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Boileau JF, Poirier B, Basik M et al (2015) Sentinel node biopsy after neoadjuvant chemotherapy in biopsy-proven node-positive breast cancer: the SN FNAC study. J Clin Oncol 33(3):258–264. https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2014.55.7827

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Boughey JC, Suman VJ, Mittendorf EA et al (2013) Alliance for clinical trials in oncology. Sentinel lymph node surgery after neoadjuvant chemotherapy in patients with node-positive breast cancer: the ACOSOG Z1071 (Alliance) clinical trial. JAMA 310(14):1455–1461. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2013.278932

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Kahler-Ribeiro-Fontana S, Pagan E, Magnoni F et al (2021) Long-term standard sentinel node biopsy after neoadjuvant treatment in breast cancer: a single institution ten-year follow-up. Eur J Surg Oncol 47(4):804–812. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejso.2020.10.014

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Galimberti V, Ribeiro Fontana SK, Vicini E, Morigi C, Sargenti M, Corso G, Magnoni F, Intra M, Veronesi P (2023) This house believes that: sentinel node biopsy alone is better than TAD after NACT for cN+ patients. Breast 67:21–25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.breast.2022.12.010

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Simons JM, van Nijnatten TJA, van der Pol CC et al (2022) Diagnostic accuracy of radioactive iodine seed placement in the axilla with sentinel lymph node biopsy after neoadjuvant chemotherapy in node-positive breast cancer. JAMA Surg 157(11):991–999. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamasurg.2022.3907

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Caudle AS, Yang WT, Krishnamurthy S et al (2016) Improved axillary evaluation following neoadjuvant therapy for patients with node-positive breast cancer using selective evaluation of clipped nodes: implementation of targeted axillary dissection. J Clin Oncol 34(10):1072–1078. https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2015.64.0094

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

de Boniface J, Frisell J, Kühn T et al (2022) False-negative rate in the extended prospective TATTOO trial evaluating targeted axillary dissection by carbon tattooing in clinically node-positive breast cancer patients receiving neoadjuvant systemic therapy. Breast Cancer Res Treat 193(3):589–595. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10549-022-06588-2

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Henke G, Knauer M, Ribi K et al (2018) Tailored axillary surgery with or without axillary lymph node dissection followed by radiotherapy in patients with clinically node-positive breast cancer (TAXIS): study protocol for a multicenter, randomized phase-III trial. Trials 19(1):667. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13063-018-3021-9

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Montagna G, Mrdutt MM, Sun SX et al (2024) Omission of axillary dissection following nodal downstaging with neoadjuvant chemotherapy. JAMA Oncol 25:e240578. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamaoncol.2024.0578

Article  Google Scholar 

Barton SR, Smith IE, Kirby AM, Ashley S, Walsh G, Parton M (2011) The role of ipsilateral breast radiotherapy in management of occult primary breast cancer presenting as axillary lymphadenopathy. Eur J Cancer 47(14):2099–2106. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejca.2011.05.010

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Bugat R, Bataillard A, Lesimple T, Voigt JJ, Culine S, Lortholary A, Merrouche Y, Ganem G, Kaminsky MC, Negrier S, Perol M, Laforêt C, Bedossa P, Bertrand G, Coindre JM, Fizazi K (2003) Summary of the Standards, Options and Recommendations for the management of patients with carcinoma of unknown primary site. Br J Cancer 89 Suppl 1:59–66. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.bjc.6601085

Article  Google Scholar 

Ge LP, Liu XY, Xiao Y, Gou ZC, Zhao S, Jiang YZ, Di GH (2018) Clinicopathological characteristics and treatment outcomes of occult breast cancer: a SEER population-based study. Cancer Manag Res 9(10):4381–4391. https://doi.org/10.2147/CMAR.S169019.PMID:30349371;PMCID:PMC6188116

Article  Google Scholar 

Man X, Xu H, Wang H, Zhao J, Chen X, Yin S, Tan Q, Huang J, Sun S, Zhou D, Zheng F, Liu T, Song L, Zhang B, Li N, Li H (2022) Survival analysis and nomogram for early-stage occult breast cancer with positive lymph nodes based on the SEER database. Ann Transl Med 10(24):1351. https://doi.org/10.21037/atm-22-5701

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Qu J, Li C, Liu M, Wang Y, Feng Z, Li J, Wang W, Wu F, Zhang S, Zhao X (2023) Prognostic models using machine learning algorithms and treatment outcomes of occult breast cancer patients. J Clin Med 12(9):3097. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12093097

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Zhang D, Zhai J, Li L, Wu Y, Ma F, Xu B (2022) prognostic factors and a model for occult breast cancer: a population-based cohort study. J Clin Med 11(22):6804. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11226804

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Cohen BL, Collier AL, Kelly KN, Goel N, Kesmodel SB, Yakoub D, Moller M, Avisar E, Franceschi D, Macedo FI (2020) Surgical management of the axilla in patients with occult breast cancer (cT0 N+) after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Ann Surg Oncol 27(6):1830–1841. https://doi.org/10.1245/s10434-020-08227-w

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Rueth NM, Black DM, Limmer AR, Gabriel E, Huo L, Fornage BD, Dogan BE, Chavez-MacGregor M, Yi M, Hunt KK, Strom EA (2015) Breast conservation in the setting of contemporary multimodality treatment provides excellent outcomes for patients with occult primary breast cancer. Ann Surg Oncol 22(1):90–95. https://doi.org/10.1245/s10434-014-3991-0

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Laughlin BS, Ehsani S, Chalasani P, Gonzalez V (2018) Oncologic outcomes with neoadjuvant chemotherapy and breast conservation for mri occult breast cancer. Arch Breast Cancer. https://doi.org/10.19187/abc.201853138-143

Article  Google Scholar