Fuller R, Landrigan PJ, Balakrishnan K, Bathan G, Bose-O’Reilly S, Brauer M, et al. Pollution and health: a progress update. Lancet Planet Health. 2022;6:e535–47.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Hyder O, Chung M, Cosgrove D, Herman JM, Li Z, Firoozmand A, et al. Cadmium exposure and liver disease among US adults. J Gastrointest Surg. 2013;17:1265–73.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Cave M, Appana S, Patel M, Falkner KC, McClain CJ, Brock G. Polychlorinated biphenyls, lead, and mercury are associated with liver disease in American adults: NHANES 2003–2004. Environ Health Perspect. 2010;118:1735–42.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

Li Y, Liu Z, Chang Y, Chen N, Zhang R, Liu X, et al. Associations of multiple toxic metal exposures with metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease: NHANES 2011–2018. Front Nutr. 2023;10:1301319.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Rinella ME, Lazarus JV, Ratziu V, Francque SM, Sanyal AJ, Kanwal F, et al. A multisociety Delphi consensus statement on new fatty liver disease nomenclature. J Hepatol. 2023;79:1542–56.

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Younossi ZM, Golabi P, Paik JM, Henry A, Van Dongen C, Henry L. The global epidemiology of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH): a systematic review. Hepatology. 2023;77:1335–47.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Miao L, Targher G, Byrne CD, Cao YY, Zheng MH. Current status and future trends of the global burden of MASLD. Trends Endocrinol Metab. 2024;35:697–707.

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Zeng J, Fan JG, Francque SM. Therapeutic management of metabolic dysfunction associated steatotic liver disease. United Eur Gastroenterol J. 2024;12:177–86.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Cubadda F, Iacoponi F, Ferraris F, D’Amato M, Aureli F, Raggi A, et al. Dietary exposure of the Italian population to nickel: the national total Diet Study. Food Chem Toxicol. 2020;146:111813.

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Beattie H, Keen C, Coldwell M, Tan E, Morton J, McAlinden J, et al. The use of bio-monitoring to assess exposure in the electroplating industry. J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol. 2017;27:47–55.

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Patriarca M, Lyon TD, Fell GS. Nickel metabolism in humans investigated with an oral stable isotope. Am J Clin Nutr. 1997;66:616–21.

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Liu G, Sun L, Pan A, Zhu M, Li Z, Wang Z, et al. Nickel exposure is associated with the prevalence of type 2 diabetes in Chinese adults. Int J Epidemiol. 2015;44:240–8.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Titcomb TJ, Liu B, Lehmler HJ, Snetselaar LG, Bao W. Environmental Nickel Exposure and Diabetes in a nationally Representative Sample of US adults. Expo Health. 2021;13:697–704.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

Yang J, Feng P, Ling Z, Khan A, Wang X, Chen Y, et al. Nickel exposure induces gut microbiome disorder and serum uric acid elevation. Environ Pollut. 2023;324:121349.

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Sun Q, Zhang T, Manji L, Liu Y, Chang Q, Zhao Y, et al. Association between serum uric acid and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: an updated systematic review and Meta-analysis. Clin Epidemiol. 2023;15:683–93.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Powell EE, Wong VW, Rinella M. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Lancet. 2021;397:2212–24.

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Bo T, Gao L, Yao Z, Shao S, Wang X, Proud CG, et al. Hepatic selective insulin resistance at the intersection of insulin signaling and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease. Cell Metab. 2024;36:947–68.

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Rattan P, Penrice DD, Ahn JC, Ferrer A, Patnaik M, Shah VH, et al. Inverse Association of Telomere length with Liver Disease and Mortality in the US Population. Hepatol Commun. 2022;6:399–410.

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Sunderman FW. Jr. Biological monitoring of nickel in humans. Scand J Work Environ Health. 1993;19(Suppl 1):34–8.

PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Wilhelm M, Wittsiepe J, Seiwert M, Hünken A, Becker K, Conrad A, et al. Levels and predictors of urinary nickel concentrations of children in Germany: results from the German Environmental Survey on children (GerES IV). Int J Hyg Environ Health. 2013;216:163–9.

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Eddowes PJ, Sasso M, Allison M, Tsochatzis E, Anstee QM, Sheridan D, et al. Accuracy of FibroScan Controlled Attenuation parameter and liver stiffness measurement in assessing steatosis and fibrosis in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Gastroenterology. 2019;156:1717–30.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Matthews DR, Hosker JP, Rudenski AS, Naylor BA, Treacher DF, Turner RC. Homeostasis model assessment: insulin resistance and beta-cell function from fasting plasma glucose and insulin concentrations in man. Diabetologia. 1985;28:412–9.

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Ohashi F, Fukui Y, Takada S, Moriguchi J, Ezaki T, Ikeda M. Reference values for cobalt, copper, manganese, and nickel in urine among women of the general population in Japan. Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 2006;80:117–26.

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Smith-Sivertsen T, Tchachtchine V, Lund E, Bykov V, Thomassen Y, Norseth T. Urinary nickel excretion in populations living in the proximity of two Russian nickel refineries: a norwegian-russian population-based study. Environ Health Perspect. 1998;106:503–11.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

Begum W, Rai S, Banerjee S, Bhattacharjee S, Mondal MH, Bhattarai A, et al. A comprehensive review on the sources, essentiality and toxicological profile of nickel. RSC Adv. 2022;12:9139–53.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

Cempel M, Nikel G, Nickel. A review of its sources and environmental toxicology. Pol J Environ Stud. 2006;15:375–82.

CAS  Google Scholar 

Genchi G, Carocci A, Lauria G, Sinicropi MS, Catalano A. Nickel: Human Health and Environmental Toxicology. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17:679.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

Lin YC, Lian IB, Kor CT, Chang CC, Su PY, Chang WT, et al. Association between soil heavy metals and fatty liver disease in men in Taiwan: a cross sectional study. BMJ Open. 2017;7:e014215.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Watt MJ, Miotto PM, De Nardo W, Montgomery MK. The liver as an endocrine organ-linking NAFLD and insulin resistance. Endocr Rev. 2019;40:1367–93.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Qu Y, Ji S, Sun Q, Zhao F, Li Z, Zhang M, et al. Association of urinary nickel levels with diabetes and fasting blood glucose levels: a nationwide Chinese population-based study. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2023;252:114601.

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Chen YW, Yang CY, Huang CF, Hung DZ, Leung YM, Liu SH. Heavy metals, islet function and diabetes development. Islets. 2009;1:169–76.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Das KK, Das SN, Dhundasi SA. N