Davies L, Welch HG. Epidemiology of head and neck cancer in the United States. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2006;135(3):451–7.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Argiris A, Karamouzis MV, Raben D, Ferris RL. Head and neck cancer. Lancet. 2008;371(9625):1695–709.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Ferris RL, Blumenschein G Jr, Fayette J, Guigay J, Colevas AD, Licitra L, et al. Nivolumab for recurrent squamous-cell carcinoma of the head and neck. N Engl J Med. 2016;375(19):1856–67.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Cohen EEW, Soulieres D, Le Tourneau C, Dinis J, Licitra L, Ahn MJ, et al. Pembrolizumab versus methotrexate, docetaxel, or cetuximab for recurrent or metastatic head-and-neck squamous cell carcinoma (KEYNOTE-040): a randomised, open-label, phase 3 study. Lancet. 2019;393(10167):156–67.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Philips R, Han C, Swendseid B, Curry J, Argiris A, Luginbuhl A, et al. Preoperative immunotherapy in the multidisciplinary management of oral cavity cancer. Front Oncol. 2021;11:682075.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Topalian SL, Taube JM, Anders RA, Pardoll DM. Mechanism-driven biomarkers to guide immune checkpoint blockade in cancer therapy. Nat Rev Cancer. 2016;16(5):275–87.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Smussi D, Mattavelli D, Paderno A, Gurizzan C, Lorini L, Romani C, et al. Revisiting the concept of neoadjuvant and induction therapy in head and neck cancer with the advent of immunotherapy. Cancer Treat Rev. 2023;121:102644.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ma J, Liu Y, Yang X, Zhang C-P, Zhang Z-Y, Zhong L-P. Induction chemotherapy in patients with resectable head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: a meta-analysis. World J Surg Oncol. 2013;11(1):67.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Masarwy R, Kampel L, Horowitz G, Gutfeld O, Muhanna N. Neoadjuvant PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors for resectable head and neck cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2021;147(10):871–8.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ma TM, Wong DJ, Chai-Ho W, Mendelsohn A, St John M, Abemayor E, et al. High recurrence for HPV-positive oropharyngeal cancer with neoadjuvant radiation therapy to gross disease plus immunotherapy: analysis from a prospective phase Ib/II clinical trial. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2023;117(2):348–54.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Leidner R, Crittenden M, Young K, Xiao H, Wu Y, Couey MA, et al. Neoadjuvant immunoradiotherapy results in high rate of complete pathological response and clinical to pathological downstaging in locally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. J Immunother Cancer. 2021;9(5):e002485.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Budach W, Bolke E, Kammers K, Gerber PA, Orth K, Gripp S, et al. Induction chemotherapy followed by concurrent radio-chemotherapy versus concurrent radio-chemotherapy alone as treatment of locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (HNSCC): a meta-analysis of randomized trials. Radiother Oncol. 2016;118(2):238–43.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Zhong LP, Zhang CP, Ren GX, Guo W, William WN Jr, Sun J, et al. Randomized phase III trial of induction chemotherapy with docetaxel, cisplatin, and fluorouracil followed by surgery versus up-front surgery in locally advanced resectable oral squamous cell carcinoma. J Clin Oncol. 2013;31(6):744–51.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Cohen EE, Karrison TG, Kocherginsky M, Mueller J, Egan R, Huang CH, et al. Phase III randomized trial of induction chemotherapy in patients with N2 or N3 locally advanced head and neck cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2014;32(25):2735–43.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Haddad R, O’Neill A, Rabinowits G, Tishler R, Khuri F, Adkins D, et al. Induction chemotherapy followed by concurrent chemoradiotherapy (sequential chemoradiotherapy) versus concurrent chemoradiotherapy alone in locally advanced head and neck cancer (PARADIGM): a randomised phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol. 2013;14(3):257–64.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Emens LA, Middleton G. The interplay of immunotherapy and chemotherapy: harnessing potential synergies. Cancer Immunol Res. 2015;3(5):436–43.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Menzies AM, Amaria RN, Rozeman EA, Huang AC, Tetzlaff MT, van de Wiel BA, et al. Pathological response and survival with neoadjuvant therapy in melanoma: a pooled analysis from the international neoadjuvant melanoma consortium (INMC). Nat Med. 2021;27(2):301–9.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Symmans WF, Wei C, Gould R, Yu X, Zhang Y, Liu M, et al. Long-term prognostic risk after neoadjuvant chemotherapy associated with residual cancer burden and breast cancer subtype. J Clin Oncol. 2017;35(10):1049–60.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Davey MG, Browne F, Miller N, Lowery AJ, Kerin MJ. Pathological complete response as a surrogate to improved survival in human epidermal growth factor receptor-2-positive breast cancer: systematic review and meta-analysis. BJS Open. 2022;6(3):zrac028.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Cortazar P, Zhang L, Untch M, Mehta K, Costantino JP, Wolmark N, et al. Pathological complete response and long-term clinical benefit in breast cancer: the CTNeoBC pooled analysis. Lancet. 2014;384(9938):164–72.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Hellmann MD, Chaft JE, William WN Jr, Rusch V, Pisters KM, Kalhor N, et al. Pathological response after neoadjuvant chemotherapy in resectable non-small-cell lung cancers: proposal for the use of major pathological response as a surrogate endpoint. Lancet Oncol. 2014;15(1):e42-50.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Wang Q, Gao J, Wu X. Pseudoprogression and hyperprogression after checkpoint blockade. Int Immunopharmacol. 2018;58:125–35.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Jia W, Gao Q, Han A, Zhu H, Yu J. The potential mechanism, recognition and clinical significance of tumor pseudoprogression after immunotherapy. Cancer Biol Med. 2019;16(4):655–70.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Huang X, Liu Q, Zhong G, Peng Y, Liu Y, Liang L, et al. Neoadjuvant toripalimab combined with gemcitabine and cisplatin in resectable locally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (NeoTGP01): an open label, single-arm, phase Ib clinical trial. J Exp Clin Cancer Res. 2022;41(1):300.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Huang S, Xiong C, Tan K. Neoadjuvant PD-1/PD-L1 axis blockade for patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Am J Otolaryngol. 2023;44(6):103985.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Zhang Z, Wu B, Peng G, Xiao G, Huang J, Ding Q, et al. Neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy for the treatment of locally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: a single-arm phase 2 clinical trial. Clin Cancer Res. 2022;28(15):3268–76.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Patel SA, Gibson MK, Deal A, Sheth S, Heiling H, Johnson SM, et al. A phase 2 study of neoadjuvant chemotherapy plus durvalumab in resectable locally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer. 2023;129(21):3381–9.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Wang K, Gui L, Lu H, He X, Li D, Liu C, et al. Efficacy and safety of pembrolizumab with preoperative neoadjuvant chemotherapy in patients with resectable locally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinomas. Front Immunol. 2023;14:1189752.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Conforti F, Pala L, Sala I, Oriecuia C, De Pas T, Specchia C, et al. Evaluation of pathological complete respon