Abdel Fatah EE, Shirley NR, Jantz RL, Mahfouz MR (2014) Improving sex estimation from crania using a novel three-dimensional quantitative method. J Forensic Sci 59:590–600. https://doi.org/10.1111/1556-4029.12379

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Adel R, Ahmed HM, Hassan OA, Abdelgawad EA (2019) Assessment of Craniometric Sexual Dimorphism Using Multidetector Computed Tomographic Imaging in a Sample of Egyptian Population. Am J Forensic Med Pathol 40:19–26. https://doi.org/10.1097/PAF.0000000000000439

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Cekdemir YE, Mutlu U, Karaman G, Balci A (2021) Estimation of sex using morphometric measurements performed on cranial computerized tomography scans. Radiol Med 126:306–315. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11547-020-01233-8

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ekizoglu O, Hocaoglu E, Inci E, Can IO, Solmaz D, Aksoy S, Buran CF, Sayin I (2016) Assessment of sex in a modern Turkish population using cranial anthropometric parameters. Leg Med (Tokyo) 21:45–52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.legalmed.2016.06.001

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Franklin D, Cardini A, Flavel A, Kuliukas A (2013) Estimation of sex from cranial measurements in a Western Australian population. Forensic Sci Int 229(1–3):158.e1–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forsciint.2013.03.005. Erratum in: Forensic Sci Int 2013 Oct 10;232(1–3):153.

Gallassi NCD, Gomes SDL, Ulbricht V, Couto DMS, Neto JSP, Júnior LF (2021) Dimorfismo sexual em tomografias cranianas e volume craniano. Braz J Forensic Sci Med Law Bioeth 10:387–400. https://doi.org/10.17063/bjfs10(3)y2021387-400

Article  Google Scholar 

Gillet C, Costa-Mendes L, Rérolle C, Telmon N, Maret D, Savall F (2020) Sex estimation in the cranium and mandible: a multislice computed tomography (MSCT) study using anthropometric and geometric morphometry methods. Int J Legal Med 134:823–832. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00414-019-02203-0

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Herrera MD, Tallman SD (2019) Craniometric variation and ancestry estimation in two contemporary Caribbean populations. Forensic Sci Int 305:110013. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forsciint.2019.110013

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ibrahim A, Alias A, Nor FM, Swarhib M, Abu Bakar SN, Das S (2017) Study of sexual dimorphism of Malaysian crania: an important step in identification of the skeletal remains. Anat Cell Biol 50:86–92. https://doi.org/10.5115/acb.2017.50.2.86. (Erratum.In:AnatCellBiol.2019;52(2):219)

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Kumar Battan S, Sharma M, Gakhar G, Garg M, Singh P, Jasuja OP (2023) Cranio-facial bones evaluation based on clinical CT data for sex determination in Northwest Indian population. Leg Med (Tokyo) 64:102292. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.legalmed.2023.102292

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Mehta M, Saini V, Nath S, Menon SK (2015) CT scan images for sex discrimination–a preliminary study on Gujarati population. Journal of Forensic Radiology and Imaging 3:43–48. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jofri.2014.11.009

Article  Google Scholar 

Salmanipour A, Memarian A, Tofighi S, Vahedifard F, Khalaj K, Shiri A, Motamedi O (2023) Prediction of sex, based on skull CT scan measurements in Iranian ethnicity by machine learning-based model. Forensic Imaging 33:200549. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fri.2023.200549

Article  Google Scholar 

Toneva DH, Nikolova SY, Agre GP, Zlatareva DK, Hadjidekov VG, Lazarov NE (2020) Data mining for sex estimation based on cranial measurements. Forensic Sci Int 315:110441. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forsciint.2020.110441

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Toneva DH, Nikolova SY, Tasheva-Terzieva ED, Zlatareva DK, Lazarov NE (2022) Sexual dimorphism in shape and size of the neurocranium. Int J Legal Med 136:1851–1863. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00414-022-02876-0

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Uthman AT, Al-Rawi NH, Al-Naaimi AS, Tawfeeq AS, Suhail EH (2010) Evaluation of frontal sinus and skull measurements using spiral CT scanning: an aid in unknown person identification. Forensic Sci Int 197:124.e1–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forsciint.2009.12.064

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Williams BA, Rogers T (2006) Evaluating the accuracy and precision of cranial morphological traits for sex determination. J Forensic Sci 51:729–735. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1556-4029.2006.00177.x

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Zhan MJ, Cui JH, Zhang K, Chen YJ, Deng ZH (2019) Estimation of stature and sex from skull measurements by multidetector computed tomography in Chinese. Leg Med (Tokyo) 41:101625. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.legalmed.2019.101625

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Pereira IMR, Barros Filho ADA, Alvares BR, Palomari ET, Nanni L (2008) Radiological determination of cranial size and index by measurement of skull diameters in a population of children in Brazil. Radiol Bras 4:229–234. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0100-39842008000400006

Article  Google Scholar 

Hsiao TH, Tsai SM, Chou ST, Pan JY, Tseng YC, Chang HP, Chen HS (2010) Sex determination using discriminant function analysis in children and adolescents: a lateral cephalometric study. Int J Legal Med 124:155–160. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00414-009-0412-1

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Gonzalez RA (2012) Determination of sex from juvenile crania by means of discriminant function analysis. J Forensic Sci 57:24–34. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1556-4029.2011.01920.x

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Damera A, Mohanalakhsmi J, Yellarthi PK, Rezwana BM (2016) Radiographic evaluation of mandibular ramus for gender estimation: Retrospective study. J Forensic Dent Sci 8:74–78. https://doi.org/10.4103/0975-1475.186369

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Sambhana S, Sanghvi P, Mohammed RB, Shanta PP, Thetay AA, Chaudhary VS (2016) Assessment of sexual dimorphism using digital orthopantomographs in South Indians. J Forensic Dent Sci 8:180. https://doi.org/10.4103/0975-1475.195113

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Moreira Araújo R, Vieira Lemos Y, Dias do Nascimento E, Silva Paraizo AH, Wainstein AJA, Drummond-Lage AP (2023) Identification of victims of the collapse of a mine tailing dam in Brumadinho. Forensic Sci Res 7(4):580-589. https://doi.org/10.1080/20961790.2022.2113623.

Haddrill PR (2021) Developments in forensic DNA analysis. Emerg Top Life Sci 5:381–393. https://doi.org/10.1042/ETLS20200304

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Badam RK, Sownetha T, Babu DBG, Waghray S, Reddy L, Garlapati K, Chavva S (2017) Virtopsy: Touch-free autopsy. J Forensic Dent Sci 9:42. https://doi.org/10.4103/jfo.jfds_7_16

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Lo Re G, Salerno S, Terranova MC, Argo A, Casto AL, Zerbo S, Lagalla R (2019) Virtopsy and Living Individuals Evaluation Using Computed Tomography in Forensic Diagnostic Imaging. Semin Ultrasound CT MR 40:67–78. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.sult.2018.10.013

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

El-Sehly WM, Magdy Badr El Dine FM, Shaban MS (2018) Ontogenesis of the Sella Turcica among Egyptians Forensic and Radiological Study. Hum Biol 90:301–310.https://doi.org/10.13110/humanbiology.90.4.04.

Stull KE, Tise ML, Ali Z, Fowler DR (2014May) Accuracy and reliability of measurements obtained from computed tomography 3D volume rendered images. Forensic Sci Int 238:133–140. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forsciint.2014.03.005

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Page MJ, McKenzie JE, Bossuyt PM, Boutron I, Hoffmann TC, Mulrow CD et al (2021) The PRISMA 2020 statement: An updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. J Clin Epidemiol 134:178–189. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclinepi.2021.03.001

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Stanton E, Urata M, Chen JF, Chai Y (2022) The clinical manifestations, molecular mechanisms and treatment of craniosynostosis. Dis Model Mech 15(4):dmm049390. https://doi.org/10.1242/dmm.049390

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Lombardi AF, Aihara AY, Fernandes ADRC, Cardoso FN (2022Jul) Imaging of Paget’s Disease of Bone. Radiol Clin North Am 60(4):561–573. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rcl.2022.02.005

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ribeiro EC, de Mendonça DS, de Barros Silva PG, Kurita LM, de Aguiar ASW, Tuji FM, Neves FS, Carvalho FSR, Costa FWG (2023) Potential role of the sella turcica X-ray imaging aspects for sex estimation in the field of forensic anthropology: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Forensic Sci Res 9(2):owad046. https://doi.org/10.1093/fsr/owad046. Erratum in: Forensic Sci Res. 2024 Sep 30;9(3):owae060. https://doi.org/10.1093/fsr/owae060.

Fernandes ALVC, Shetti A, Lagali-Jirge V, Keluskar V (2024) Accuracy of sex estimation by morphometric evaluation of foramen magnum using computed tomography - a systematic review and meta-analysis. Forensic Sci Med Pathol 20(1):268–279. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12024-023-00613-6

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar