Siegel RL, Giaquinto AN, Jemal A. Cancer statistics, 2024. CA Cancer J Clin. 2024;74:12–49.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Sung H, Ferlay J, Siegel RL, Laversanne M, Soerjomataram I, Jemal A, et al. Global Cancer statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and Mortality Worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J Clin. 2021;71:209–49.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Patel SG, Karlitz JJ, Yen T, Lieu CH, Boland CR. The rising tide of early-onset colorectal cancer: a comprehensive review of epidemiology, clinical features, biology, risk factors, prevention, and early detection. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2022;7:262–74.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Vieira AR, Abar L, Chan DSM, Vingeliene S, Polemiti E, Stevens C, et al. Foods and beverages and colorectal cancer risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies, an update of the evidence of the WCRF-AICR continuous Update Project. Ann Oncol. 2017;28:1788–802.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Botteri E, Iodice S, Bagnardi V, Raimondi S, Lowenfels AB, Maisonneuve P. Smoking and colorectal Cancer. JAMA. 2008;300:2765.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kyrgiou M, Kalliala I, Markozannes G, Gunter MJ, Paraskevaidis E, Gabra H et al. Adiposity and cancer at major anatomical sites: umbrella review of the literature. BMJ. 2017;:j477.

Dougherty MW, Jobin C. Intestinal bacteria and colorectal cancer: etiology and treatment. Gut Microbes. 2023;15.

O’Keefe SJD. Diet, microorganisms and their metabolites, and colon cancer. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2016;13:691–706.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Zhang X. Lipid levels in serum and cancerous tissues of colorectal cancer patients. World J Gastroenterol. 2014;20:8646.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Elmallah MIY, Ortega-Deballon P, Hermite L, Pais‐De‐Barros J, Gobbo J, Garrido C. Lipidomic profiling of exosomes from colorectal cancer cells and patients reveals potential biomarkers. Mol Oncol. 2022;16:2710–8.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Lampe MA, Burlingame AL, Whitney J, Williams ML, Brown BE, Roitman E, et al. Human stratum corneum lipids: characterization and regional variations. J Lipid Res. 1983;24:120–30.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Liu Z, Gomez CR, Espinoza I, Le TPT, Shenoy V, Zhou X. Correlation of cholesteryl ester metabolism to pathogenesis, progression and disparities in colorectal Cancer. Lipids Health Dis. 2022;21:22.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Sadek NF, Yuliana ND, Prangdimurti E, Priosoeryanto BP, Budijanto S. Plant sterol Esters in Extruded Food Model inhibits Colon carcinogenesis by suppressing inflammation and stimulating apoptosis. J Med Food. 2017;20:659–66.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Lefèvre-Arbogast S, Hejblum BP, Helmer C, Klose C, Manach C, Low DY, et al. Early signature in the blood lipidome associated with subsequent cognitive decline in the elderly: a case-control analysis nested within the three-city cohort study. EBioMedicine. 2021;64:103216.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Lovejoy JC, Champagne CM, Smith SR, DeLany JP, Bray GA, Lefevre M, et al. Relationship of dietary fat and serum cholesterol ester and phospholipid fatty acids to markers of insulin resistance in men and women with a range of glucose tolerance. Metabolism. 2001;50:86–92.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Davey Smith G, Ebrahim S. Mendelian randomization’: can genetic epidemiology contribute to understanding environmental determinants of disease?*. Int J Epidemiol. 2003;32:1–22.

Article  Google Scholar 

Farh KK-H, Marson A, Zhu J, Kleinewietfeld M, Housley WJ, Beik S, et al. Genetic and epigenetic fine mapping of causal autoimmune disease variants. Nature. 2015;518:337–43.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ottensmann L, Tabassum R, Ruotsalainen SE, Gerl MJ, Klose C, Widén E, et al. Genome-wide association analysis of plasma lipidome identifies 495 genetic associations. Nat Commun. 2023;14:6934.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Tassi A, Mavromatis I, Piechocki RJR. A dataset of full-stack ITS-G5 DSRC communications over licensed and unlicensed bands using a large-scale urban testbed. Data Brief. 2019;25:104368.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Bowden J, Davey Smith G, Burgess S. Mendelian randomization with invalid instruments: effect estimation and bias detection through Egger regression. Int J Epidemiol. 2015;44:512–25.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Burgess S, Scott RA, Timpson NJ, Davey Smith G, Thompson SG. Using published data in mendelian randomization: a blueprint for efficient identification of causal risk factors. Eur J Epidemiol. 2015;30:543–52.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Burgess S, Dudbridge F, Thompson SG. Combining information on multiple instrumental variables in mendelian randomization: comparison of allele score and summarized data methods. Stat Med. 2016;35:1880–906.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Burgess S, Thompson SG. Interpreting findings from mendelian randomization using the MR-Egger method. Eur J Epidemiol. 2017;32:377–89.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Bowden J, Davey Smith G, Haycock PC, Burgess S. Consistent estimation in mendelian randomization with some Invalid instruments using a weighted median estimator. Genet Epidemiol. 2016;40:304–14.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Hartwig FP, Davey Smith G, Bowden J. Robust inference in summary data mendelian randomization via the zero modal pleiotropy assumption. Int J Epidemiol. 2017;46:1985–98.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Ong J, MacGregor S. Implementing MR-PRESSO and GCTA‐GSMR for pleiotropy assessment in mendelian randomization studies from a practitioner’s perspective. Genet Epidemiol. 2019;43:609–16.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Verbanck M, Chen C-Y, Neale B, Do R. Detection of widespread horizontal pleiotropy in causal relationships inferred from mendelian randomization between complex traits and diseases. Nat Genet. 2018;50:693–8.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Bershteĭn LM, Kovaleva IG, Loshakova LV, Pravosudov IV. [Content of cyclic nucleotides, cholesterol and phospholipids in tumors of the large intestine]. Vopr Onkol. 1985;31:50–4.

PubMed  Google Scholar 

Munir R, Lisec J, Jaeger C, Zaidi N. Abundance, fatty acid composition and saturation index of neutral lipids in colorectal cancer cell lines. Acta Biochim Pol. 2021. https://doi.org/10.18388/abp.2020_5465.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Marttinen M, Pajari A-M, Päivärinta E, Storvik M, Marttinen P, Nurmi T, et al. Plant sterol feeding induces tumor formation and alters sterol metabolism in the intestine of apc Min mice. Nutr Cancer. 2014;66:259–69.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar