Laine A, Iyengar P, Pandita TK (2013) The role of inflammatory pathways in cancer-associated cachexia and radiation resistance. Mol Cancer Res 11(9):967–972. https://doi.org/10.1158/1541-7786

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Mazzola R, Fiorentino A, Alongi F (2016) Cachexia in radiotherapy-treated patients with head and neck cancer: a phenomenon that should be investigated. JAMA Oncol 2:831. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamaoncol.2016.1387

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Alvarez CM, Aliru M, Gannavarapu BS, Song T, Gilmore LA, Olaechea S, Gomez DR, Ahn C, Infante RE, Iyengar P (2024) Impact of pretreatment weight loss on radiotherapy utilization and clinical outcomes in non-small cell lung cancer. Am J Clin Oncol 47(2):49–55. https://doi.org/10.1097/COC.0000000000001053

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Studinski RCN, Fraser DJ, Samant RS, MacPherson MS (2017) Current practice in total-body irradiation: results of a Canada-wide survey. Curr Oncol 24:181–186. https://doi.org/10.3747/co.24.3484

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Chang S, May P, Goldstein NE, Wisnivesky J, Rosenzweig K, Morrison RS, Dharmarajan KV (2018) A palliative radiation oncology consult service’s impact on care of advanced cancer patients. J Palliat Med 21(4):438–444. https://doi.org/10.1089/jpm.2017.0372

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Fog LS, Wirth A, MacManus M, Downes S, Grace M, Moggré A, Mugabe K, Neveri G, Nourbehesht L, Panettieri V, Pope D, Sim L, Stanton C, Steer B, Stewart A, Ungureanu E, Kron T (2020) Total body irradiation in Australia and New Zealand: results of a practice survey. Phys Eng Sci Med 43:825–835. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13246-020-00878-z

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Zhu Z, Ni J, Cai X, Su S, Zhuang H, Yang Z, Chen M, Ma S, Xie C, Xu Y, Li J, Ge H, Liu A, Zhao L, Rao C, Xie C, Bi N, Hui Z, Zhu G, Yuan Z, Wang J, Zhao L, Zhou W, Rim CH, Navarro-Martin A, Vanneste BGL, Ruysscher D, Choi JI, Jassem J, Chang JY, Kepka L, Käsmann L, Milano MT, Van Houtte P, Suwinski R, Traverso A, Doi H, Suh YG, Noël G, Tomita N, Kowalchuk RO, Sio TT, Li B, Lu B, Fu X (2022) International consensus on radiotherapy in metastatic non-small cell lung cancer. Transl Lung Cancer Res. 11(9):1763–1795. https://doi.org/10.21037/tlcr-22-644

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Tisdale MJ (2009) Mechanisms of cancer cachexia. Physiol Rev 89:381–410. https://doi.org/10.1152/physrev.00016.2008

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Katz AM, Katz PB (1962) Diseases of the heart in the works of Hippocrates. Br Heart J. 24:257–264. https://doi.org/10.1136/hrt.24.3.257

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Wyart E, Bindels LB, Mina E, Menga A, Stanga S, Porporato PE (2020) Cachexia, a systemic disease beyond muscle atrophy. Int J Mol Sci 21(22):8592. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21228592

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Yang W, Huang J, Wu H, Wang Y, Du Z, Ling Y, Wang W, Wu Q, Gao W (2020) Molecular mechanisms of cancer cachexia-induced muscle atrophy (review). Mol Med Rep 22:4967–4980. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2020.11608

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Molfino A, Gioia G, Muscaritoli M (2013) The hunger hormone ghrelin in cachexia. Expert Opin Biol Ther 13(4):465–468. https://doi.org/10.1517/14712598.2013.748031

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Chen JA, Splenser A, Guillory B, Luo J, Mendiratta M, Belinova B, Halder T, Zhang G, Li YP, Garcia JM (2015) Ghrelin prevents tumour- and cisplatin-induced muscle wasting: characterization of multiple mechanisms involved. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 6(2):132–143. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcsm.12023

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Sun J, Tan Y, Su J, Mikhail H, Pavel V, Deng Z, Li Y (2023) Role and molecular mechanism of ghrelin in degenerative musculoskeletal disorders. J Cell Mol Med 27(23):3681–3691. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcmm.17944

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Khatib N, Gaidhane S, Gaidhane AM, Khatib M, Simkhada P, Gode D, Zahiruddin QS (2014) Ghrelin: ghrelin as a regulatory Peptide in growth hormone secretion. J Clin Diagn Res. 8(8):137. https://doi.org/10.7860/JCDR/2014/9863.4767

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Seelaender M, Laviano A, Busquets S, Püschel GP, Margaria T, Batista ML Jr (2015) Inflammation in cachexia. Mediators Inflamm 2015:536954. https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/536954

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Patel HJ, Patel BM (2017) TNF-α and cancer cachexia: molecular insights and clinical implications. Life Sci 1(170):56–63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lfs.2016.11.033

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

de Barros TC, Rios AC, Alves TFR, Batain F, Crescencio KMM, Lopes LJ, Zielińska A, Severino P, Mazzola GP, Souto EB, Chaud MV (2020) Cachexia: pathophysiology and ghrelin liposomes for nose-to-brain delivery. Int J Mol Sci. 21(17):5974. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21175974

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Fu ZZ, Peng Y, Cao LY, Chen YS, Li K, Fu BH (2016) Correlations between serum IL-6 levels and radiation pneumonitis in lung cancer patients: a meta-analysis. J Clin Lab Anal 30(2):145–154. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcla.21828

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kim W, Lee S, Seo D, Kim D, Kim K, Kim E, Kang J, Seong KM, Youn H, Youn B (2019) Cellular stress responses in radiotherapy. Cells 8(9):1105. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells8091105

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Li X, Zhuang X, Qiao T (2019) Role of ferroptosis in the process of acute radiation-induced lung injury in mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 519(2):240–245. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.08.165

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Granado M, Priego T, Martín AI, Villanúa MA, López-Calderón A (2005) Anti-inflammatory effect of the ghrelin agonist growth hormone-releasing peptide-2 (GHRP-2) in arthritic rats. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 288:E486-492. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.00196

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ginter G, Ceranowicz P, Warzecha Z (2021) Protective and healing effects of ghrelin and risk of cancer in the digestive system. Int J Mol Sci 22:10571. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms221910571

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Manda K, Ueno M, Anzai K (2009) Cranial irradiation-induced inhibition of neurogenesis in hippocampal dentate gyrus of adult mice: attenuation by melatonin pretreatment. J Pineal Res 46:71–78. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-079X.2008.00632.x

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Riva G (2016) Neurobiology of anorexia nervosa: serotonin dysfunctions link self-starvation with body image disturbances through an impaired body memory. Front Hum Neurosci 10:600. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2016.00600

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Bekal M, Sun L, Ueno S, Moritake T (2021) Neurobehavioral effects of acute low-dose whole-body irradiation. J Radiat Res 62:804–811. https://doi.org/10.1093/jrr/rrab026

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Chandran S, Guo T, Tolliver T, Chen W, Murphy DL, McPherron AC (2012) Effects of serotonin on skeletal muscle grow