Moderate-Intensity Statin Plus Ezetimibe: Time to Rethink it as an Optimal Initial Lipid-Lowering Strategy

Collins R, Reith C, Emberson J, et al. Interpretation of the evidence for the efficacy and safety of statin therapy. Lancet. 2016;388(10059):2532–61. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31357-5.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Mach F, Baigent C, Catapano AL, et al. 2019 ESC/EAS Guidelines for the management of dyslipidaemias: lipid modification to reduce cardiovascular risk. Eur Heart J. 2020;41(1):111–88. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehz455.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Visseren FLJ, Mach F, Smulders YM, et al. 2021 ESC Guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice. Eur Heart J. 2021;42(34):3227–337. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehab484.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Lee SJ, Joo JH, Park S, et al. Combination lipid-lowering therapy in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2023;82(5):401–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2023.05.042.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Baigent C, Landray MJ, Reith C, et al. The effects of lowering LDL cholesterol with simvastatin plus ezetimibe in patients with chronic kidney disease (Study of Heart and Renal Protection): a randomised placebo-controlled trial. Lancet. 2011;377(9784):2181–92. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(11)60739-3.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Cannon CP, Blazing MA, Giugliano RP, et al. Ezetimibe added to statin therapy after acute coronary syndromes. N Engl J Med. 2015;372(25):2387–97. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1410489.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kim BK, Hong SJ, Lee YJ, et al. Long-term efficacy and safety of moderate-intensity statin with ezetimibe combination therapy versus high-intensity statin monotherapy in patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (RACING): a randomised, open-label, non-inferiority trial. Lancet. 2022;400(10349):380–90. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(22)00916-3.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Colantonio LD, Rosenson RS, Deng L, et al. Adherence to statin therapy among US adults between 2007 and 2014. J Am Heart Assoc. 2019;8(1): e010376. https://doi.org/10.1161/JAHA.118.010376.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Ray KK, Molemans B, Schoonen WM, et al. EU-wide cross-sectional observational study of lipid-modifying therapy use in secondary and primary care: the DA VINCI study. Eur J Prev Cardiol. 2021;28(11):1279–89. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurjpc/zwaa047.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Schubert J, Lindahl B, Melhus H, et al. Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol reduction and statin intensity in myocardial infarction patients and major adverse outcomes: a Swedish nationwide cohort study. Eur Heart J. 2021;42(3):243–52. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehaa1011.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Lu Y, Zhang H, Lu J, et al. Prevalence of dyslipidemia and availability of lipid-lowering medications among primary health care settings in China. JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(9): e2127573. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.27573.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Grundy SM, Stone NJ, Blumenthal RS, et al. High-intensity statins benefit high-risk patients: why and how to do better. Mayo Clin Proc. 2021;96(10):2660–70. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mayocp.2021.02.032.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Toth PP, Granowitz C, Hull M, et al. Long-term statin persistence is poor among high-risk patients with dyslipidemia: a real-world administrative claims analysis. Lipids Health Dis. 2019;18(1):175. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12944-019-1099-z.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Wei MY, Ito MK, Cohen JD, et al. Predictors of statin adherence, switching, and discontinuation in the USAGE survey: understanding the use of statins in America and gaps in patient education. J Clin Lipidol. 2013;7(5):472–83. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacl.2013.03.001.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Karlson BW, Wiklund O, Palmer MK, et al. Variability of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol response with different doses of atorvastatin, rosuvastatin, and simvastatin: results from VOYAGER. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Pharmacother. 2016;2(4):212–7. https://doi.org/10.1093/ehjcvp/pvw006.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Endo A. A historical perspective on the discovery of statins. Proc Jpn Acad Ser B Phys Biol Sci. 2010;86(5):484–93. https://doi.org/10.2183/pjab.86.484.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Li JJ, Zhao SP, Zhao D, et al. 2023 Chinese guideline for lipid management. Front Pharmacol. 2023;14:1190934. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2023.1190934.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Grundy SM, Stone NJ, Bailey AL, et al. 2018 AHA/ACC/AACVPR/AAPA/ABC/ACPM/ADA/AGS/APhA/ASPC/NLA/PCNA guideline on the management of blood cholesterol: executive summary: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines. Circulation. 2019;139(25):e1046–81. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIR.0000000000000624.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Yang C, Wu Y, Qian J, et al. A systematic, updated review of Xuezhikang, a domestically developed lipid-lowering drug, in the application of cardiovascular diseases. Acta Pharm Sin B. 2024. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsb.2024.05.011.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Lu Z, Kou W, Du B, et al. Effect of Xuezhikang, an extract from red yeast Chinese rice, on coronary events in a Chinese population with previous myocardial infarction. Am J Cardiol. 2008;101(12):1689–93. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjcard.2008.02.056.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Cholesterol Treatment Trialists C, Fulcher J, O'Connell R, et al. Efficacy and safety of LDL-lowering therapy among men and women: meta-analysis of individual data from 174,000 participants in 27 randomised trials. Lancet. 2015;385(9976):1397-405. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(14)61368-4.

Cholesterol Treatment Trialists C, Baigent C, Blackwell L, et al. Efficacy and safety of more intensive lowering of LDL cholesterol: a meta-analysis of data from 170,000 participants in 26 randomised trials. Lancet. 2010;376(9753):1670-81. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(10)61350-5.

Silverman MG, Ference BA, Im K, et al. Association between lowering LDL-C and cardiovascular risk reduction among different therapeutic interventions: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA. 2016;316(12):1289–97. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2016.13985.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

McCormack T, Dent R, Blagden M. Very low LDL-C levels may safely provide additional clinical cardiovascular benefit: the evidence to date. Int J Clin Pract. 2016;70(11):886–97. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijcp.12881.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Stone NJ, Robinson JG, Lichtenstein AH, et al. 2013 ACC/AHA guideline on the treatment of blood cholesterol to reduce atherosclerotic cardiovascular risk in adults: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2014;63(25 Pt B):2889–934. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2013.11.002.

Cholesterol Treatment Trialists C. Efficacy and safety of statin therapy in older people: a meta-analysis of individual participant data from 28 randomised controlled trials. Lancet. 2019;393(10170):407–15. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(18)31942-1.

Birmingham BK, Bujac SR, Elsby R, et al. Impact of ABCG2 and SLCO1B1 polymorphisms on pharmacokinetics of rosuvastatin, atorvastatin and simvastatin acid in Caucasian and Asian subjects: a class effect? Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 2015;71(3):341–55. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00228-014-1801-z.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Birmingham BK, Bujac SR, Elsby R, et al. Rosuvastatin pharmacokinetics and pharmacogenetics in Caucasian and Asian subjects residing in the United States. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 2015;71(3):329–40. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00228-014-1800-0.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Li YF, Feng QZ, Gao WQ, et al. The difference between Asian and Western in the effect of LDL-C lowering therapy on coronary atherosclerotic plaque: a meta-analysis report. BMC Cardiovasc Disord. 2015;15:6. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2261-15-6.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Nakamura H, Arakawa K, Itakura H, et al. Primary prevention of cardiovascular disease with pravastatin in Japan (MEGA Study): a prospective randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2006;368(9542):1155–63. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(06)69472-5.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Zhao SP, Yu BL, Peng DQ, et al. The effect of moderate-dose versus double-dose statins on patients with acute coronary syndrome in China: results of the CHILLAS trial. Atherosclerosis. 2014;233(2):707–12.

留言 (0)

沒有登入
gif