Update on Mpox Management: Epidemiology, Vaccines and Therapeutics, and Regulatory Changes

Djuicy DD, Sadeuh-Mba SA, Bilounga CN, et al. Concurrent Clade I and Clade II Monkeypox Virus Circulation, Cameroon, 1979-2022. Emerg Infect Dis. 2024;30(3):432-443. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid3003.230861

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Mpox response: World Map. Updated September 5, 2024. https://www.cdc.gov/poxvirus/mpox/response/2022/world-map.html. Accessed 6 Sept 2024.

Center for Health Security. Mpox situation report. Published June 2024. https://centerforhealthsecurity.org/sites/default/files/2024-06/20240610-mpoxsituationreport.pdf. Accessed 6 Sept 2024.

US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2023 Outbreak in Democratic Republic of the Congo. https://www.cdc.gov/poxvirus/mpox/outbreak/2023-drc.html. Accessed 6 Sept 2024.

Bunge EM, Hoet B, Chen L, et al. The changing epidemiology of human monkeypox-A potential threat? A systematic review. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2022;16(2):e0010141. Published 2022 Feb 11. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0010141

Pittman PR, Martin JW, Kingebeni PM, et al. Clinical characterization and placental pathology of mpox infection in hospitalized patients in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2023;17(4):e0010384. Published 2023 Apr 20. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0010384

McQuiston JH, Luce R, Kazadi DM, et al. US preparedness and response to increasing Clade I Mpox cases in the Democratic Republic of the Congo—United States, 2024. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2024;73:435–40. https://doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm7319a3.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (2024) Epidemiological update—week 35/2024: Mpox due to monkeypox virus clade I. https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/news-events/mpox-epidemiological-update-monkeypox-2-september-2024.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Clade I Mpox outbreak originating in Central Africa. Available at: https://www.cdc.gov/mpox/outbreaks/2023/index.html. Accessed 11 Oct 2024.

Adepoju P. Mpox declared a public health emergency. Lancet. 2024;404(10454):e1-e2. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(24)01751-3

World Health Organization. Mpox Global Dashboard. https://worldhealthorg.shinyapps.io/mpx_global/. Accessed 6 Sept 2024.

European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. mpox epidemiological update: monkeypox, 2 September 2024. https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/news-events/mpox-epidemiological-update-monkeypox-2-september-2024#:~:text=Since%20the%20beginning%20of%20mpox,(shinyapps.io)%20). Accessed 6 Sept 2024.

Rizk JG, Lippi G, Henry BM, Forthal DN, Rizk Y. Prevention and treatment of monkeypox. Drugs (2022) 82(9):957– 63. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40265-022-01742-y

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Mpox vaccines: vaccine recommendations. https://www.cdc.gov/mpox/vaccines/index.html. Accessed 6 Sept 2024.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Mpox Interim considerations for public health authorities. https://www.cdc.gov/poxvirus/mpox/interim-considerations/overview.html. Accessed 6 Sept 2024.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Adult vaccination schedule: easy-to-read version. https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/schedules/easy-to-read/adult-easyread.html. Accessed 6 Sept 2024.

Guagliardo SAJ, Kracalik I, Carter RJ, et al. Monkeypox virus infections after 2 preexposure doses of JYNNEOS vaccine—United States, May 2022–May 2024. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2024;73(20):460–6. https://doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm7320a3.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). JYNNEOS vaccine coverage for mpox. https://archive.cdc.gov/#/details?url=https://www.cdc.gov/poxvirus/mpox/cases-data/mpx-jynneos-vaccine-coverage.html. Accessed 12 Oct 2024.

Grabenstein JD, Hacker A. Vaccines against mpox: MVA-BN and LC16m8. Expert Rev Vaccines. 2024;23(1):796–811. https://doi.org/10.1080/14760584.2024.2397006.

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

World Health Organization. (2024, October 8). WHO grants approval for use of Bavarian Nordic’s mpox vaccine in adolescents. Retrieved from https://extranet.who.int/prequal/news/who-grantsapproval-use-bavarian-nordics-mpox-vaccine-adolescents

Pischel L, Martini BA, Yu N, et al. Vaccine effectiveness of 3rd generation mpox vaccines against mpox and disease severity: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Vaccine. Published online June 20, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.06.021.

Mucker EM, Freyn AW, Bixler SL, et al. Comparison of protection against mpox following mRNA or modified vaccinia Ankara vaccination in nonhuman primates. Cell. Published online September 4, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2024.08.043.

U.S. Food and Drug Administration. FDA roundup: August 30, 2024. Available at: https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/fda-roundup-august-30-2024. Accessed 11 Oct 2024.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Interim clinical considerations for use of vaccine for Mpox prevention in the United States. Available at: https://www.cdc.gov/mpox/hcp/vaccine-considerations/vaccination-overview.html. Accessed 11 Oct 2024.

Rao AK, Petersen BW, Whitehill F, et al. Use of JYNNEOS (Smallpox and Monkeypox Vaccine, Live, Nonreplicating) for Preexposure Vaccination of Persons at Risk for Occupational Exposure to Orthopoxviruses: Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices - United States, 2022 [published correction appears in MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2022 Jul 08;71(27):886. https://doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm7127a5]. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2022;71(22):734-742. Published 2022 Jun 3. https://doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm7122e1

Thornhill JP, Barkati S, Walmsley S, et al. Monkeypox Virus Infection in Humans across 16 Countries - April-June 2022. N Engl J Med. 2022;387(8):679-691. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2207323

U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Key facts about vaccines to prevent Mpox disease. Available at: https://www.fda.gov/vaccines-blood-biologics/vaccines/key-facts-about-vaccines-prevent-mpox-disease. Accessed 11 Oct 2024.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Mpox vaccine safety. Available at: https://www.cdc.gov/vaccine-safety/vaccines/mpox.html. Accessed 11 Oct 2024.

U.S. Food and Drug Administration. ACAM2000. Available at: https://www.fda.gov/vaccines-blood-biologics/vaccines/acam2000. Accessed 11 Oct 2024.

European Medicines Agency (EMA). Tecovirimat SIGA. Amsterdam: EMA; 2022. Available at: https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/tecovirimat-siga.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Tecovirimat (TPOXX) expanded access IND for Mpox. https://www.cdc.gov/poxvirus/mpox/clinicians/tecovirimat-ea-ind.html. Accessed 6 Sept 2024.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Mpox treatment information for healthcare professionals. https://www.cdc.gov/poxvirus/mpox/clinicians/treatment.html. Accessed 6 Sept 2024.

National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID). Study of tecovirimat for human Mpox virus (STOMP). https://www.niaid.nih.gov/clinical-trials/study-tecovirimat-human-mpox-virus. Accessed 6 Sept 2024.

Rizk JG, Forthal DN, Kalantar-Zadeh K, et al. Expanded Access Programs, compassionate drug use, and Emergency Use Authorizations during the COVID-19 pandemic. Drug Discov Today. 2021;26(2):593-603. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drudis.2020.11.025

ClinicalTrials.gov. (2023). Study of tecovirimat for Mpox (STOMP) (NCT05534984). US National Library of Medicine. https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05534984.

National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID). Monkeypox treatment trial begins in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Published June 15, 2024. https://www.niaid.nih.gov/news-events/monkeypox-treatment-trial-begins-democratic-republic-congo. Accessed 6 Sept 2024.

National Institutes of Health. Antiviral tecovirimat safe but did not improve Clade I Mpox resolution in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Published August 29, 2024. https://www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/antiviral-tecovirimat-safe-did-not-improve-clade-i-mpox-resolution-democratic-republic-congo. Accessed 6 Sept 2024.

Yu PA, Elmor R, Muhammad K, Yu YC, Rao AK. Tecovirimat use under expanded access to treat Mpox in the United States, 2022–2023. NEJM Evid. 2024;3(10):EVIDoa2400189. https://doi.org/10.1056/EVIDoa2400189.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

U.S. Food and Drug Administration. FDA Mpox response. https://www.fda.gov/emergency-preparedness-and-response/mcm-issues/fda-mpox-response. Accessed 6 Sept 2024.

Garrigues JM, Hemarajata P, Espinosa A, et al. Community spread of a human monkeypox virus variant with a tecovirimat resistance-associated mutation. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2023;67(11):e0097223. https://doi.org/10.1128/aac.00972-23

Smith TG, Gigante CM, Wynn NT, Matheny A, Davidson W, Yang Y, et al. Tecovirimat resistance in Mpox patients, United States, 2022–2023. Emerg Infect Dis. 2023;29.

US Food and Drug Administration. FDA approves drug to treat smallpox. https://www.fda.gov/drugs/drug-safety-and-availability/fda-approves-drug-treat-smallpox. Accessed 4 Sep 2024.

Lanier R, Trost L, Tippin T, et al. Development of CMX001 for the Treatment of Poxvirus Infections. Viruses. 2010;2(12):2740-2762. https://doi.org/10.3390/v2122740

U.S. Food and Drug Administration. TPOXX (Tecovirimat) Label. Approved July 13, 2021. https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2021/214460s000,214461s000lbl.pdf. Accessed 6 Sept 2024.

Wittek R. Vaccinia immune globulin: current policies, preparedness, and product safety and efficacy. Int J Infect Dis. 2006;10(3):193-201. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2005.12.001

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Expanded access IND protocol: use of vaccinia immune globulin intravenous (VIGIV, CNJ-016) for treatment of human orthopoxvirus infection in adults and children. Published September 2024. https://www.cdc.gov/poxvirus/mpox/data/vigiv-protocol.pdf. Accessed 5 Sept 2024.

World Health Organization. Diagnostic testing for the monkeypox virus (MPXV). 2024. https://iris.who.int/bitstream/handle/10665/376952/WHO-MPX-Laboratory-2024.1-eng.pdf?sequence=1.

Mattiuzzi C, Henry BM, Rizk JG, Lippi G. Mpox (monkeypox) diagnostic kits—September 2024. Diagnosis (Berl). Published online September 17, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1515/dx-2024-0145.

World Health Organization. (2024, October 3). WHO emergency use list: monkeypox virus IVDs/nucleic acid tests. https://extranet.who.int/prequal/sites/default/files/document_files/eul-mpxv_list-of-mpxv-ivds.pdf.

Gostin LO, Jha AK, Finch A. The Mpox global health emergency—a time for solidarity and equity. N Engl J Med. 2024;391(14):1265–7. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMp2410395.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

留言 (0)

沒有登入
gif