Brunkow ME, Gardner JC, Van Ness J, Paeper BW, Kovacevich BR, Proll S et al (2001) Bone dysplasia sclerosteosis results from loss of the SOST gene product, a novel cystine knot-containing protein. Am J Hum Genet 68(3):577–589

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

Sølling ASK, Harsløf T, Langdahl B (2018) The clinical potential of romosozumab for the prevention of fractures in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. Ther Adv Musculoskel Dis 10(5–6):105–115

Article  Google Scholar 

Krupa K, Parmar M, Delo LF (2023) Romosozumab. StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing Copyright © 2023, StatPearls Publishing LLC

Eastell R, Rosen CJ, Black DM, Cheung AM, Murad MH, Shoback D (2019) Pharmacological management of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women: an endocrine society* clinical practice guideline. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 104(5):1595–1622

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Page MJ, McKenzie JE, Bossuyt PM, Boutron I, Hoffmann TC, Mulrow CD et al (2021) The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ 372:n71

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Padhi D, Jang G, Stouch B, Fang L, Posvar E (2011) Single-dose, placebo-controlled, randomized study of AMG 785, a sclerostin monoclonal antibody. J Bone Miner Res 26(1):19–26

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Padhi D, Allison M, Kivitz AJ, Gutierrez MJ, Stouch B, Wang C et al (2014) Multiple doses of sclerostin antibody romosozumab in healthy men and postmenopausal women with low bone mass: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. J Clin Pharmacol 54(2):168–178

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

McClung MR, Grauer A, Boonen S, Bolognese MA, Brown JP, Diez-Perez A et al (2014) Romosozumab in postmenopausal women with low bone mineral density. N Engl J Med 370(5):412–420

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Genant HK, Engelke K, Bolognese MA, Mautalen C, Brown JP, Recknor C et al (2017) Effects of romosozumab compared with teriparatide on bone density and mass at the spine and hip in postmenopausal women with low bone mass. J Bone Miner Res 32(1):181–187

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Keaveny TM, Crittenden DB, Bolognese MA, Genant HK, Engelke K, Oliveri B et al (2017) Greater gains in spine and hip strength for romosozumab compared with teriparatide in postmenopausal women with low bone mass. J Bone Miner Res 32(9):1956–1962

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

McClung MR, Brown JP, Diez-Perez A, Resch H, Caminis J, Meisner P et al (2018) Effects of 24 months of treatment with romosozumab followed by 12 months of denosumab or placebo in postmenopausal women with low bone mineral density: a randomized, double-blind, phase 2, parallel group study. J Bone Miner Res 33(8):1397–1406

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

McClung M, Chines A, Brown J, Diez-Perez A, Resch H, Caminis J, et al (2014) Effects of 2 years of treatment with romosozumab followed by 1 year of denosumab or placebo in postmenopausal women with low bone mineral density. J Bone Mineral Res Wiley-Blackwell 111 river ST, hoboken 07030–5774, NJ USA

Kendler DL, Bone HG, Massari F, Gielen E, Palacios S, Maddox J et al (2019) Bone mineral density gains with a second 12-month course of romosozumab therapy following placebo or denosumab. Osteoporos Int 30(12):2437–2448

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

Ishibashi H, Crittenden DB, Miyauchi A, Libanati C, Maddox J, Fan M et al (2017) Romosozumab increases bone mineral density in postmenopausal Japanese women with osteoporosis: a phase 2 study. Bone 103:209–215

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Cosman F, Crittenden DB, Adachi JD, Binkley N, Czerwinski E, Ferrari S et al (2016) Romosozumab treatment in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. N Engl J Med 375(16):1532–1543

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Cosman F, Crittenden DB, Ferrari S, Lewiecki EM, Jaller-Raad J, Zerbini C et al (2018) Romosozumab FRAME study: a post hoc analysis of the role of regional background fracture risk on nonvertebral fracture outcome. J Bone Miner Res 33(8):1407–1416

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Lewiecki EM, Dinavahi RV, Lazaretti-Castro M, Ebeling PR, Adachi JD, Miyauchi A et al (2019) One year of romosozumab followed by two years of denosumab maintains fracture risk reductions: results of the FRAME extension study. J Bone Miner Res 34(3):419–428

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Saag KG, Petersen J, Brandi ML, Karaplis AC, Lorentzon M, Thomas T et al (2017) Romosozumab or alendronate for fracture prevention in women with osteoporosis. N Engl J Med 377(15):1417–1427

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Langdahl BL, Libanati C, Crittenden DB, Bolognese MA, Brown JP, Daizadeh NS et al (2017) Romosozumab (sclerostin monoclonal antibody) versus teriparatide in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis transitioning from oral bisphosphonate therapy: a randomised, open-label, Phase 3 trial. The Lancet 390(10102):1585–1594

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Obermayer-Pietsch BM, Marin F, McCloskey EV, Hadji P, Farrerons J, Boonen S et al (2008) Effects of two years of daily teriparatide treatment on BMD in postmenopausal women with severe osteoporosis with and without prior antiresorptive treatment. J Bone Miner Res 23(10):1591–1600

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Hartz MC, Johannessen FB, Harsløf T, Langdahl BL (2024) The effectiveness and safety of romosozumab and teriparatide in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. https://doi.org/10.1210/clinem/dgae484

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Baek KH, Chung YS, Koh JM, Kim IJ, Kim KM, Min YK et al (2021) Romosozumab in postmenopausal Korean women with osteoporosis: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled efficacy and safety study. Endocrinol Metabol (Seoul, Korea) 36(1):60–69

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Inage K, Orita S, Eguchi Y, Shiga Y, Koda M, Aoki Y et al (2021) Time-course changes in bone metabolism markers and density in patients with osteoporosis treated with romosozumab: a multicenter retrospective study. Yonsei Med J 62(9):829–835

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

Hong N, Shin S, Lee S, Rhee Y (2023) Romosozumab is associated with greater trabecular bone score improvement compared to denosumab in postmenopausal osteoporosis. Osteoporos Int. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00198-023-06889-2

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ebina K, Hirao M, Tsuboi H, Nagayama Y, Kashii M, Kaneshiro S et al (2020) Effects of prior osteoporosis treatment on early treatment response of romosozumab in patients with postmenopausal osteoporosis. Bone 140:115574

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Ebina K, Tsuboi H, Nagayama Y, Kashii M, Kaneshiro S, Miyama A et al (2021) Effects of prior osteoporosis treatment on 12-month treatment response of romosozumab in patients with postmenopausal osteoporosis. Joint Bone Spine 88(5):105219

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Kobayakawa T, Suzuki T, Nakano M, Saito M, Miyazaki A, Takahashi J et al (2014) Real-world effects and adverse events of romosozumab in Japanese osteoporotic patients: a prospective cohort study. Bone Rep. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bonr.2021.101068

Article  Google Scholar 

Kobayakawa T, Miyazaki A, Saito M, Suzuki T, Takahashi J, Nakamura Y (2021) Denosumab versus romosozumab for postmenopausal osteoporosis treatment. Scient Rep. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-91248-6

Article  Google Scholar 

Kashii M, Kamatani T, Nagayama Y, Miyama A, Tsuboi H, Ebina K (2023) Baseline serum PINP level is associated with the increase in hip bone mineral density seen with Romosozumab treatment in previously untreated women with osteoporosis. Osteoporos Int 34(3):563–572

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Inose H, Ariga A, Motoyoshi T, Fukushima K, Tomizawa S, Kato T et al (2022) The real-world effect of 12 months of romosozumab treatment on patients with osteoporosis with a high risk of fracture and factors predicting the rate of bone mass increase: a multicenter retrospective study. JBMR Plus. https://doi.org/10.1002/jbm4.10637

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Tominaga A, Wada K, Okazaki K, Nishi H, Terayama Y, Kato Y (2021) Early clinical effects, safety, and predictors of the effects of romosozumab treatment in osteoporosis patients: one-year study. Osteoporos Int 32(10):1999–2009

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

Lewiecki EM, Blicharski T, Goemaere S, Lippuner K, Meisner PD, Miller PD et al (2018) A Phase III randomized placebo-controlled trial to evaluate efficacy and safety of romosozumab in men with osteoporosis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 103(9):3183–3193