Bray F, Laversanne M, Sung H, Ferlay J, Siegel RL, Soerjomataram I, Jemal A. Global cancer statistics 2022: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. Cancer J Clin. 2024;74:229–63.

Article  Google Scholar 

Chen Z, Han F, Du Y, Shi H, Zhou W. Hypoxic microenvironment in cancer: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic interventions. Signal Transduct Target Ther. 2023;8:70.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Wang GL, Semenza GL. Desferrioxamine induces erythropoietin gene expression and hypoxia-inducible factor 1 DNA-binding activity: implications for models of hypoxia signal transduction. Blood. 1993;82:3610–5.

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Shah R, Patel T, Freedman JE. Circulating Extracellular vesicles in Human Disease. N Engl J Med. 2018;379:958–66.

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Hánelová K, Raudenská M, Masarik M, Balvan J. Protein cargo in extracellular vesicles as the key mediator in the progression of cancer. Cell Communication Signal 2024, 22.

Hannafon BN, Ding WQ. Intercellular communication by Exosome-Derived microRNAs in Cancer. Int J Mol Sci. 2013;14:14240–69.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Lee YJ, Ni J, Beretov J, Wasinger VC, Graham P, Li Y. Recent advances of small extracellular vesicle biomarkers in breast cancer diagnosis and prognosis. Mol Cancer 2023, 22.

Fong MY, Zhou W, Liu L, Alontaga AY, Chandra M, Ashby J, Chow A, O’Connor ST, Li S, Chin AR, et al. Breast-cancer-secreted miR-122 reprograms glucose metabolism in premetastatic niche to promote metastasis. Nat Cell Biol. 2015;17:183–94.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

Shao X, Hua S, Feng T, Ocansey DKW, Yin L. Hypoxia-regulated tumor-derived exosomes and Tumor Progression: a focus on Immune Evasion. Int J Mol Sci 2022, 23.

Kumar A, Deep G. Exosomes in hypoxia-induced remodeling of the tumor microenvironment. Cancer Lett. 2020;488:1–8.

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Zhang MH, Hu SY, Liu L, Dang PY, Liu Y, Sun ZQ, Qiao BB, Wang CZ. Engineered exosomes from different sources for cancer-targeted therapy. Signal Transduct Target Therapy 2023, 8.

Möller A, Lobb RJ. The evolving translational potential of small extracellular vesicles in cancer. Nat Rev Cancer. 2020;20:697–709.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Shao C, Yang F, Miao S, Liu W, Wang C, Shu Y, Shen H. Role of hypoxia-induced exosomes in tumor biology. Mol Cancer. 2018;17:120.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Bahcecioglu G, Basara G, Ellis BW, Ren X, Zorlutuna P. Breast cancer models: Engineering the tumor microenvironment. Acta Biomater. 2020;106:1–21.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

de Visser KE, Joyce JA. The evolving tumor microenvironment: from cancer initiation to metastatic outgrowth. Cancer Cell. 2023;41:374–403.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

El Sayed R, Haibe Y, Amhaz G, Bouferraa Y, Shamseddine A. Metabolic factors affecting Tumor Immunogenicity: what is happening at the Cellular Level? Int J Mol Sci 2021, 22.

Horsman MR, Vaupel P. Pathophysiological basis for the formation of the Tumor Microenvironment. Front Oncol 2016, 6.

Ansardamavandi A, Tafazzoli-Shadpour M. The functional cross talk between cancer cells and cancer associated fibroblasts from a cancer mechanics perspective. Biochim Et Biophys Acta-Molecular Cell Res 2021, 1868.

Brassart-Pasco S, Brézillon S, Brassart B, Ramont L, Oudart JB, Monboisse JC. Tumor Microenvironment: extracellular matrix alterations influence tumor progression. Front Oncol 2020, 10.

Pachane BC, Nunes ACC, Cataldi TR, Micocci KC, Moreira BC, Labate CA, Selistre-de-Araujo HS, Altei WF. Small Extracellular Vesicles from Hypoxic Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells Induce Oxygen-Dependent Cell Invasion. Preprints 2022.

Gilkes DM, Bajpai S, Chaturvedi P, Wirtz D, Semenza GL. Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) promotes Extracellular Matrix remodeling under hypoxic conditions by inducing < i > P4HA1, <i > P4HA2, and < i > PLOD2 expression in Fibroblasts</i >. J Biol Chem. 2013;288:10819–29.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

He Y, Liu T, Dai S, Xu Z, Wang L, Luo F. Tumor-Associated Extracellular Matrix: how to be a potential aide to Anti-tumor Immunotherapy? Front Cell Dev Biology 2021, 9.

Wu B, Liu D-A, Guan L, Myint PK, Chin L, Dang H, Xu Y, Ren J, Li T, Yu Z, et al. Stiff matrix induces exosome secretion to promote tumour growth. Nat Cell Biol. 2023;25:415–.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

Patwardhan S, Mahadik P, Shetty O, Sen S. ECM stiffness-tuned exosomes drive breast cancer motility through thrombospondin-1. Biomaterials 2021, 279.

Vaupel P, Schmidberger H, Mayer A. The Warburg effect: essential part of metabolic reprogramming and central contributor to cancer progression. Int J Radiat Biol. 2019;95:912–9.

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Iessi E, Logozzi M, Mizzoni D, Di Raimo R, Supuran CT, Fais S. Rethinking the Combination of Proton Exchanger Inhibitors in Cancer Therapy. Metabolites 2018, 8.

Logozzi M, Mizzoni D, Angelini DF, Di Raimo R, Falchi M, Battistini L, Fais S. Microenvironmental pH and Exosome Levels Interplay in Human Cancer Cell Lines of Different Histotypes. Cancers 2018, 10.

Logozzi M, Spugnini E, Mizzoni D, Di Raimo R, Fais S. Extracellular acidity and increased exosome release as key phenotypes of malignant tumors. Cancer Metastasis Rev. 2019;38:93–101.

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Wei R, Liu S, Zhang S, Min L, Zhu S. Cellular and Extracellular Components in Tumor Microenvironment and Their Application in Early Diagnosis of Cancers. Analytical Cellular Pathology 2020, 2020.

Koomullil R, Tehrani B, Goliwas K, Wang Y, Ponnazhagan S, Berry J, Deshane J. Computational Simulation of Exosome Transport in Tumor Microenvironment. Front Med 2021, 8.

Pietrobon V, Marincola FM. Hypoxia and the phenomenon of immune exclusion. J Translational Med 2021, 19.

Davies LC, Taylor PR. Tissue-resident macrophages: then and now. Immunology. 2015;144:541–8.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

Jin JX, Yu GP. Hypoxic lung cancer cell-derived exosomal miR-21 mediates macrophage M2 polarization and promotes cancer cell proliferation through targeting IRF1. World J Surg Oncol 2022, 20.

Choi JY, Seok HJ, Lee DH, Lee E, Kim TJ, Bae S, Shin I, Bae IH. Tumor-derived mir-6794-5p enhances cancer growth by promoting M2 macrophage polarization. Cell Communication Signal 2024, 22.

Park JE, Dutta B, Tse SW, Gupta N, Tan CF, Low JK, Yeoh KW, Kon OL, Tam JP, Sze SK. Hypoxia-induced tumor exosomes promote M2-like macrophage polarization of infiltrating myeloid cells and microRNA-mediated metabolic shift. Oncogene. 2019;38:5158–73.

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Lee YJ, Graham P, Li Y. Extracellular vesicles as a novel approach for breast cancer therapeutics. Cancer Lett 2023, 555.

Chen F, Chen JN, Yang LB, Liu J, Zhang XQ, Zhang Y, Tu QQ, Yin D, Lin DC, Wong PP, et al. Extracellular vesicle-packaged HIF-1 alpha-stabilizing lncRNA from tumour-associated macrophages regulates aerobic glycolysis of breast cancer cells. Nat Cell Biol. 2019;21:498–.

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Berchem G, Noman MZ, Bosseler M, Paggetti J, Baconnais S, Le Cam E, Nanbakhsh A, Moussay E, Mami-Chouaib F, Janji B, Chouaib S. Hypoxic tumor-derived microvesicles negatively regulate NK cell function by a mechanism involving TGF- and miR23a transfer. Oncoimmunology 2016, 5.

Gong Z, Li Q, Shi J, Liu ET, Shultz LD, Ren G. Lipid-laden lung mesenchymal cells foster breast cancer metastasis via metabolic reprogramming of tumor cells and natural killer cells. Cell Metabol. 2022;34:1960–.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Wang Z-H, Peng W-B, Zhang P, Yang X-P, Zhou Q. Lactate in the tumour microenvironment: from immune modulation to therapy. Ebiomedicine 2021, 73.

Fridman ES, Ginini L, Gil Z. The role of Extracellular vesicles in metabolic reprogramming of the Tumor Microenvironment. Cells 2022, 11.

Jiang Y, Jiang H, Wang K, Liu C, Man X, Fu Q. Hypoxia enhances the production and antitumor effect of exosomes derived from natural killer cells. Annals Translational Med 2021, 9.

Théry C, Amigorena S. The cell biology of antigen presentation in dendritic cells. Curr Opin Immunol. 2001;13:45–51.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

DeVito NC, Plebanek MP, Theivanthiran B, Hanks BA. Role of tumor-mediated dendritic cell tolerization in Immune Evasion. Front Immunol 2019, 10.

Han ZY, Dong YC, Lu JZ, Yang F, Zheng YC, Yang HY. Role of hypoxia in inhibiting dendritic cells by VEGF signaling in tumor microenvironments: mechanism and application. Am J Cancer Res. 2021;11:3777–93.

PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

Giese MA, Hind LE, Huttenlocher A. Neutrophil plasticity in the tumor microenvironment. Blood. 2019;133:2159–67.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

Triner D, Shah YM. Hypoxic regulation of neutrophils in Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2019, 20.

Korbecki J, Kojder K, Kapczuk P, Kupnicka P, Gawronska-Szklarz B, Gutowska I, Chlubek D, Baranowska-Bosiacka I. The Effect of Hypoxia on the expression of CXC Chemokines and CXC Chemokine Receptors-A Review of Literature. Int J Mol Sci 2021, 22.

Qiu PJ, Guo QA, Lin JQ, Pan KL, Chen JP, Ding MJ. An exosome-related long non-coding RNAs risk model could predict survival outcomes in patients with breast cancer. Sci Rep 2022, 12.

Wang L, Shan YQ, Zheng SX, Li JT, Cui P. miR-4780 Derived from N2-Like Neutrophil Exosome Aggravates Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition and Angiogenesis in Colorectal Cancer. Stem Cells International 2023, 2023.

Jacob HKC, Richard JLC, Signorelli R, Kashuv T, Lavania S, Vaish U, Boopathy R, Middleton A, Boone MM, Sundaram R et al. Modulation of early Neutrophil Granulation: the circulating Tumor Cell-Extravesicular connection in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Cancers 2021, 13.

Shang AQ, Gu CZ, Zhou C, Yang YB, Chen C, Zeng BJ, Wu JL, Lu WY, Wang WW, Sun ZJ, Li D. Exosomal KRAS mutation promotes the formation of tumor-associated neutrophil extracellular traps and causes deterioration of colorectal cancer by inducing IL-8 expression. Cell Communication Signal 2020, 18.

Wagner J, Rapsomaniki MA, Chevrier S, Anzeneder T, Langwieder C, Dykgers A, Rees M, Ramaswamy A, Muenst S, Soysa SD, et al. A single-cell atlas of the Tumor and Immune Ecosystem of human breast Cancer. Cell. 2019;177:1330–.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

Tian T, Han J, Huang J, Li S, Pang H. Hypoxia-Induced Intracellular and Extracellular Heat shock protein gp96 increases Paclitaxel-Resistance and facilitates Immune Evasion in breast Cancer. Front Oncol. 2021;11:784777.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

Wu MZ, Cheng WC, Chen SF, Nieh S, O’Connor C, Liu CL, Tsai WW, Wu CJ, Martin L, Lin YS, et al. miR-25/93 mediates hypoxia-induced immunosuppression by repressing cGAS. Nat Cell Biol. 2017;19:1286–.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar