Cao W, Wang X, Li J, Yan M, Chang CH, Kim J, Jiang J, Liao YP, Tseng S, Kusumoputro S, Lau C, Huang M, Han P, Lu P, Xia T (2022) NLRP3 inflammasome activation determines the fibrogenic potential of PM2.5 air pollution particles in the lung. J Environ Sci (China) 111:429–441. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jes.2021.04.021

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Chen X, Deng T, Huo T, Dong F, Deng J (2021) MiR-140–5p/TLR4 /NF-κB signaling pathway: crucial role in inflammatory response in 16HBE cells induced by dust fall PM2.5. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 208:111414. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111414

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Deng KM, Yang XS, Luo Q, She YX, Yu QY, Tang XX (2021) Deleterious Role of Th9 Cells in Pulmonary Fibrosis. Cells 10(11):3209. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells10113209

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Deng W, Zhang Y, Fang P, Shi H, Yang S (2022) Silencing lncRNA Snhg6 mitigates bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice via miR-26a-5p/TGF-β1-smads axis. Environ Toxicol 37(10):2375–2387. https://doi.org/10.1002/tox.23603

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Du Z, Wu T, Liu L, Luo B, Wei C (2022) Ubiquitin specific peptidase 1 promotes hepatic fibrosis through positive regulation of CXCL1 by deubiquitinating SNAIL. Dig Liver Dis 54(1):91–102. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dld.2021.02.025

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Forghanifard MM, Ardalan Khales S, Farshchian M, Rad A, Homayouni-Tabrizi M, Abbaszadegan MR (2017) Negative Regulatory Role of TWIST1 on SNAIL Gene Expression. Pathol Oncol Res 23(1):85–90. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12253-016-0093-2

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Frydas IS, Kermenidou M, Tsave O, Salifoglou A, Sarigiannis DA (2020) Unraveling the blood transcriptome after real-life exposure of Wistar-rats to PM2.5, PM1 and water-soluble metals in the ambient air. Toxicol Rep 7:1469–1479. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxrep.2020.10.014

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Fu Y, Wang J, Zhou B, Pajulas A, Gao H, Ramdas B, Koh B, Ulrich BJ, Yang S, Kapur R, Renauld JC, Paczesny S, Liu Y, Tighe RM, Licona-Limón P, Flavell RA, Takatsuka S, Kitamura D, Tepper RS, Sun J, Kaplan MH (2022) An IL-9-pulmonary macrophage axis defines the allergic lung inflammatory environment. Sci Immunol 7(68):eabi9768. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciimmunol.abi9768

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Guo H, Xiao Y, Yuan Z, Yang X, Chen J, Chen C, Wang M, Xie L, Chen Q, Tong Y, Zhang Q, Bai Y (2022) Inhibition of STAT3Y705 phosphorylation by Stattic suppresses proliferation and induces mitochondrial-dependent apoptosis in pancreatic cancer cells. Cell Death Discov 8(1):116. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41420-022-00922-9

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Hanmandlu A, Zhu L, Mertens TCJ, Collum S, Bi W, Xiong F, Wang R, Amirthalingam RT, Ren D, Han L, Jyothula SSSK, Li W, Zheng WJ, Karmouty-Quintana H (2022) Transcriptomic and epigenetic profiling of fibroblasts in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 66(1):53–63. https://doi.org/10.1165/rcmb.2020-0437OC

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Hu J, Gao N, Zhang Y, Chen X, Li J, Bian F, Chi W, Liu Z, de Paiva CS, Pflugfelder SC, Li DQ (2020) IL-33/ST2/IL-9/IL-9R signaling disrupts ocular surface barrier in allergic inflammation. Mucosal Immunol 13(6):919–930. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41385-020-0288-4

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Jehn LB, Costabel U, Boerner E, Wessendorf TE, Theegarten D, Taube C, Bonella F (2022) IL-9 and IL-9 receptor expression in lymphocytes from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of patients with interstitial lung disease. Immunobiology 227(5):152258. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.imbio.2022.152258

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Jiang S, Wang Z, Ouyang H, Liu Z, Li L, Shi Y (2016) Aberrant expression of cytokine interleukin 9 along with interleukin 4 and interferon γ in connective tissue disease-associated interstitial lung disease: association with severity of pulmonary fibrosis. Arch Med Sci 12(1):101–106. https://doi.org/10.5114/aoms.2015.47877

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kim MJ, Lim J, Yang Y, Lee MS, Lim JS (2014) N-myc downstream-regulated gene 2 (NDRG2) suppresses the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in breast cancer cells via STAT3/Snail signaling. Cancer Lett 354(1):33–42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.canlet.2014.06.023

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kim MS, Lee HS, Kim YJ, Lee DY, Kang SG, Jin W (2019) MEST induces twist-1-mediated EMT through STAT3 activation in breast cancers. Cell Death Differ 26(12):2594–2606. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41418-019-0322-9

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Koch S, Sopel N, Finotto S (2017) Th9 and other IL-9-producing cells in allergic asthma. Semin Immunopathol 39(1):55–68. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00281-016-0601-1

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kyung SY, Kim DY, Yoon JY, Son ES, Kim YJ, Park JW, Jeong SH (2018) Sulforaphane attenuates pulmonary fibrosis by inhibiting the epithelial-mesenchymal transition. BMC Pharmacol Toxicol 19(1):13. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40360-018-0204-7

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Lei RE, Shi C, Zhang PL, Hu BL, Jiang HX, Qin SY (2017) IL-9 promotes proliferation and metastasis of hepatocellular cancer cells by activating JAK2/STAT3 pathway. Int J Clin Exp Pathol 10(7):7940–7946. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6965289/. Accessed 24 Aug 2024

Li R, Zhou R, Zhang J (2018) Function of PM2.5 in the pathogenesis of lung cancer and chronic airway inflammatory diseases. Oncol Lett 15(5):7506–7514. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2018.8355

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Liu XL, Zhang XT, Meng J, Zhang HF, Zhao Y, Li C, Sun Y, Mei QB, Zhang F, Zhang T (2017) ING5 knockdown enhances migration and invasion of lung cancer cells by inducing EMT via EGFR/PI3K/Akt and IL-6/STAT3 signaling pathways. Oncotarget 8(33):54265–54276. https://doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.17346

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Marconi GD, Fonticoli L, Rajan TS, Pierdomenico SD, Trubiani O, Pizzicannella J, Diomede F (2021) Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT): the Type-2 EMT in wound healing. Tissue Regener Organ Fibrosis Cells 10(7):1587. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells10071587

Article  Google Scholar 

Ning J, Pei Z, Wang M, Hu H, Chen M, Liu Q, Wu M, Yang P, Geng Z, Zheng J, Du Z, Hu W, Wang Q, Pang Y, Bao L, Niu Y, Leng S, Zhang R (2023) Site-specific Atg13 methylation-mediated autophagy regulates epithelial inflammation in PM2.5-induced pulmonary fibrosis. J Hazard Mater 457:131791. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131791

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Pozharskaya V, Torres-González E, Rojas M, Gal A, Amin M, Dollard S, Roman J, Stecenko AA, Mora AL (2009) Twist: a regulator of epithelial-mesenchymal transition in lung fibrosis. PLoS ONE 4(10):e7559. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0007559

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Qin Y, Zhao P, Chen Y, Liu X, Dong H, Zheng W, Li C, Mao X, Li J (2020) Lipopolysaccharide induces epithelial-mesenchymal transition of alveolar epithelial cells cocultured with macrophages possibly via the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway. Hum Exp Toxicol 39(2):224–234. https://doi.org/10.1177/0960327119881678

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ren J, Lu X, Griffiths R, Privratsky JR, Crowley SD (2021) Twist1 in T lymphocytes augments kidney fibrosis after ureteral obstruction. Kidney 360 2(5):784–794. https://doi.org/10.34067/KID.0007182020

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Sadrkhanloo M, Entezari M, Orouei S, Ghollasi M, Fathi N, Rezaei S, Hejazi ES, Kakavand A, Saebfar H, Hashemi M, Goharrizi MASB, Salimimoghadam S, Rashidi M, Taheriazam A, Samarghandian S (2022) STAT3-EMT axis in tumors: Modulation of cancer metastasis, stemness and therapy response. Pharmacol Res 182:106311. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106311

Article  CAS