Schlecht NF, Kulaga S, Robitaille J, Ferreira S, Santos M, Miyamura RA, Duarte-Franco E, Rohan TE, Ferenczy A, Villa LL, et al. Persistent human papillomavirus infection as a predictor of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. J Am Med Assoc. 2001;286(24):3106–14.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Paraskevaidis E, Arbyn M, Sotiriadis A, Diakomanolis E, Martin-Hirsch P, Koliopoulos G, Makrydimas G, Tofoski J, Roukos DH. The role of HPV DNA testing in the follow-up period after treatment for CIN: a systematic review of the literature. Cancer Treat Rev. 2004;30(2):205–11.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Nobbenhuis MAE, Meijer CJLM, van den Brule AJC, Rozendaal L, Voorhorst FJ, Risse EKJ, Verheijen RHM, Helmerhorst TJM. Addition of high-risk HPV testing improves the current guidelines on follow-up after treatment for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. Brit J Cancer. 2001;84(6):796–801.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Elfgren K, Jacobs M, Walboomers JMM, Meijer CJLM, Dillner J. Rate of human papillomavirus clearance after treatment of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. Obstet Gynecol. 2002;100(5):965–71.

PubMed  Google Scholar 

Zielinski GD, Bais AG, Helmerhorst TJ, Verheijen RHM, de Schipper FA, Snijders PJF, Voorhorst FJ, van Kemenade FJ, Rozendaal L, Meijer CJLM. HPV testing and monitoring of women after treatment of CIN 3: review of the literature and meta-analysis. Obstet Gynecol Surv. 2004;59(7):543–53.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Melnikow J, McGahan C, Sawaya GF, Ehlen T, Coldman A. Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia outcomes after treatment: long-term follow-up from the British Columbia cohort study. Jnci-J Natl Cancer I. 2009;101(10):721–8.

Article  Google Scholar 

Soutter WP, Sasieni P, Panoskaltsis T. Long-term risk of invasive cervical cancer after treatment of squamous cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. Int J Cancer. 2006;118(8):2048–55.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kreimer AR, Guido RS, Solomon D, Schiffman M, Wacholder S, Jeronimo J, Wheeler CM, Castle PE. Grp ALTSA: human papillomavirus testing following loop electrosurgical excision procedure identifies women at risk for posttreatment cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 or 3 disease. Cancer Epidem Biomar. 2006;15(5):908–14.

Article  Google Scholar 

Macgregor JE, Campbell MK, Mann EM, Swanson KY. Screening for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia in north east Scotland shows fall in incidence and mortality from invasive cancer with concomitant rise in preinvasive disease. BMJ. 1994;308(6941):1407–11.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Perkins RB, Guido RS, Castle PE, Chelmow D, Einstein MH, Garcia F, Huh WK, Kim JJ, Moscicki AB, Nayar R, et al. 2019 ASCCP risk-based management consensus guidelines for abnormal cervical cancer screening tests and cancer precursors. J Low Genit Tract Dis. 2020;24(2):102–31.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Stanley M. Immunobiology of HPV and HPV vaccines. Gynecol Oncol. 2008;109(2 Suppl):S15-21.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Alonso I, Torne A, Puig-Tintore LM, Esteve R, Quinto L, Campo E, Pahisa J, Ordi J. Pre- and post-conization high-risk HPV testing predicts residual/recurrent disease in patients treated for CIN 2-3. Gynecol Oncol. 2006;103(2):631–6.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kang WD, Oh MJ, Kim SM, Nam JH, Park CS, Choi HS. Significance of human papillomavirus genotyping with high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia treated by a loop electrosurgical excision procedure. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2010;203(1):72.

Article  Google Scholar 

Wei L, Zhao Y, Shen D, Zhao F, Geng L, Bi H, Xu H, Li J. Expert consensus on issues related to cervical cancer screening and abnormal management in China (I). Zhongguo Fu Chan Ke Lin Chuang Za Zhi. 2017;18(02):190–2 ((in Chinese)).

Google Scholar 

Kocken M, Helmerhorst TJ, Berkhof J, Louwers JA, Nobbenhuis MA, Bais AG, Hogewoning CJ, Zaal A, Verheijen RH, Snijders PJ, et al. Risk of recurrent high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia after successful treatment: a long-term multi-cohort study. Lancet Oncol. 2011;12(5):441–50.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Mitchell MF, Tortolero-Luna G, Cook E, Whittaker L, Rhodes-Morris H, Silva E. A randomized clinical trial of cryotherapy, laser vaporization, and loop electrosurgical excision for treatment of squamous intraepithelial lesions of the cervix. Obstet Gynecol. 1998;92(5):737–44.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Bigrigg A, Haffenden DK, Sheehan AL, Codling BW, Read MD. Efficacy and safety of large-loop excision of the transformation zone. Lancet. 1994;343(8888):32–4.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Wentzensen N, Vinokurova S, von Knebel DM. Systematic review of genomic integration sites of human papillomavirus genomes in epithelial dysplasia and invasive cancer of the female lower genital tract. Cancer Res. 2004;64(11):3878–84.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

zur Hausen H. Papillomaviruses causing cancer: evasion from host-cell control in early events in carcinogenesis. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2000;92(9):690–8.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Munger K, Baldwin A, Edwards KM, Hayakawa H, Nguyen CL, Owens M, Grace M, Huh K. Mechanisms of human papillomavirus-induced oncogenesis. J Virol. 2004;78(21):11451–60.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Pett M, Coleman N. Integration of high-risk human papillomavirus: a key event in cervical carcinogenesis? J Pathol. 2007;212(4):356–67.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Cullen AP, Reid R, Campion M, Lorincz AT. Analysis of the physical state of different human papillomavirus DNAs in intraepithelial and invasive cervical neoplasm. J Virol. 1991;65(2):606–12.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Hudelist G, Manavi M, Pischinger KI, Watkins-Riedel T, Singer CF, Kubista E, Czerwenka KF. Physical state and expression of HPV DNA in benign and dysplastic cervical tissue: different levels of viral integration are correlated with lesion grade. Gynecol Oncol. 2004;92(3):873–80.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Arias-Pulido H, Peyton CL, Joste NE, Vargas H, Wheeler CM. Human papillomavirus type 16 integration in cervical carcinoma in situ and in invasive cervical cancer. J Clin Microbiol. 2006;44(5):1755–62.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Evans MF, Cooper K. Human papillomavirus integration: detection by in situ hybridization and potential clinical application. J Pathol. 2004;202(1):1–4.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Woodman CB, Collins SI, Young LS. The natural history of cervical HPV infection: unresolved issues. Nat Rev Cancer. 2007;7(1):11–22.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Li H, Yang Y, Zhang R, Cai Y, Yang X, Wang Z, Li Y, Cheng X, Ye X, Xiang Y, et al. Preferential sites for the integration and disruption of human papillomavirus 16 in cervical lesions. J Clin Virol. 2013;56(4):342–7.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Hu Z, Zhu D, Wang W, Li W, Jia W, Zeng X, Ding W, Yu L, Wang X, Wang L, et al. Genome-wide profiling of HPV integration in cervical cancer identifies clustered genomic hot spots and a potential microhomology-mediated integration mechanism. Nat Genet. 2015;47(2):158–63.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Elfgren K, Bistoletti P, Dillner L, Walboomers JM, Meijer CJ, Dillner J. Conization for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia is followed by disappearance of human papillomavirus deoxyribonucleic acid and a decline in serum and cervical mucus antibodies against human papillomavirus antigens. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1996;174(3):937–42.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Lin CT, Tseng CJ, Lai CH, Hsueh S, Huang KG, Huang HJ, Chao A. Value of human papillomavirus deoxyribonucleic acid testing after conization in the prediction of residual disease in the subsequent hysterectomy specimen. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2001;184(5):940–5.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Verguts J, B