Leon-Ferre RA, Goetz MP. Advances in systemic therapies for triple negative breast cancer. BMJ. 2023;381:e071674.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Minn AJ, Gupta GP, Siegel PM, Bos PD, Shu W, Giri DD, Viale A, Olshen AB, Gerald WL, Massagué J. Genes that mediate breast cancer metastasis to lung. Nature. 2005;436:518–24.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Ogawa K, Lin Q, Li L, Bai X, Chen X, Chen H, Kong R, Wang Y, Zhu H, He F, et al. Aspartate beta-hydroxylase promotes pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma metastasis through activation of SRC signaling pathway. J Hematol Oncol. 2019;12:144.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Castaneda M, den Hollander P, Kuburich NA, Rosen JM, Mani SA. Mechanisms of cancer metastasis. Semin Cancer Biol. 2022;87:17–31.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Yu W, Hu C, Gao H. Advances of nanomedicines in breast cancer metastasis treatment targeting different metastatic stages. Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2021;178:113909.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Gundem G, Van Loo P, Kremeyer B, Alexandrov LB, Tubio JMC, Papaemmanuil E, Brewer DS, Kallio HML, Hognas G, Annala M, et al. The evolutionary history of lethal metastatic prostate cancer. Nature. 2015;520:353–7.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Blasco MT, Espuny I, Gomis RR. Ecology and evolution of dormant metastasis. Trends Cancer. 2022;8:570–82.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Brown D, Smeets D, Szekely B, Larsimont D, Szasz AM, Adnet PY, Rothe F, Rouas G, Nagy ZI, Farago Z, et al. Phylogenetic analysis of metastatic progression in breast cancer using somatic mutations and copy number aberrations. Nat Commun. 2017;8:14944.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Ullah I, Karthik GM, Alkodsi A, Kjallquist U, Stalhammar G, Lovrot J, Martinez NF, Lagergren J, Hautaniemi S, Hartman J, Bergh J. Evolutionary history of metastatic breast cancer reveals minimal seeding from axillary lymph nodes. J Clin Invest. 2018;128:1355–70.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Ganesh K, Massague J. Targeting metastatic cancer. Nat Med. 2021;27:34–44.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Zhou W, Fong MY, Min Y, Somlo G, Liu L, Palomares MR, Yu Y, Chow A, O’Connor ST, Chin AR, et al. Cancer-secreted miR-105 destroys vascular endothelial barriers to promote metastasis. Cancer Cell. 2014;25:501–15.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Lyden D, Ghajar CM, Correia AL, Aguirre-Ghiso JA, Cai S, Rescigno M, Zhang P, Hu G, Fendt SM, Boire A, et al. Metastasis. Cancer Cell. 2022;40:787–91.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Qi M, Xia Y, Wu Y, Zhang Z, Wang X, Lu L, Dai C, Song Y, Xu K, Ji W, Zhan L. Lin28B-high breast cancer cells promote immune suppression in the lung pre-metastatic niche via exosomes and support cancer progression. Nat Commun. 2022;13:897.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Fang T, Lv H, Lv G, Li T, Wang C, Han Q, Yu L, Su B, Guo L, Huang S, et al. Tumor-derived exosomal mir-1247-3p induces cancer-associated fibroblast activation to foster lung metastasis of liver cancer. Nat Commun. 2018;9:191.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Liang M, Chen X, Wang L, Qin L, Wang H, Sun Z, Zhao W, Geng B. Cancer-derived exosomal TRIM59 regulates macrophage NLRP3 inflammasome activation to promote lung cancer progression. J Exp Clin Cancer Res. 2020;39:176.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Reymond N, d’Água BB, Ridley AJ. Crossing the endothelial barrier during metastasis. Nat Rev Cancer. 2013;13:858–70.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Li DK, Chen XR, Wang LN, Wang JH, Li JK, Zhou ZY, Li X, Cai LB, Zhong SS, Zhang JJ, et al. Exosomal HMGA2 protein from EBV-positive NPC cells destroys vascular endothelial barriers and induces endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition to promote metastasis. Cancer Gene Ther. 2022;29:1439–51.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Martinez VG, O’Neill S, Salimu J, Breslin S, Clayton A, Crown J, O’Driscoll L. Resistance to HER2-targeted anti-cancer drugs is associated with immune evasion in cancer cells and their derived extracellular vesicles. Oncoimmunology. 2017;6:e1362530.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Tan C, Sun W, Xu Z, Zhu S, Hu W, Wang X, Zhang Y, Zhang G, Wang Z, Xu Y, Tang J. Small extracellular vesicles deliver TGF-beta1 and promote adriamycin resistance in breast cancer cells. Mol Oncol. 2021;15:1528–42.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Halder LD, Jo EAH, Hasan MZ, Ferreira-Gomes M, Krüger T, Westermann M, Palme DI, Rambach G, Beyersdorf N, Speth C, et al. Immune modulation by complement receptor 3-dependent human monocyte TGF-β1-transporting vesicles. Nat Commun. 2020;11:2331.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Nakayama F, Miyoshi M, Kimoto A, Kawano A, Miyashita K, Kamoshida S, Shimizu K, Hori Y. Pancreatic cancer cell-derived exosomes induce epithelial-mesenchymal transition in human pancreatic cancer cells themselves partially via transforming growth factor beta1. Med Mol Morphol. 2022;55:227–35.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Yang X, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Li H, Li L, Wu Y, Chen X, Qiu L, Han J, Wang Z. Colorectal cancer-derived extracellular vesicles induce liver premetastatic immunosuppressive niche formation to promote tumor early liver metastasis. Signal Transduct Target Ther. 2023;8:102.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Da X, Li Z, Huang X, He Z, Yu Y, Tian T, Xu C, Yao Y, Wang QK. AGGF1 therapy inhibits thoracic aortic aneurysms by enhancing integrin alpha7-mediated inhibition of TGF-beta1 maturation and ERK1/2 signaling. Nat Commun. 2023;14:2265.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Shelke GV, Yin Y, Jang SC, Lasser C, Wennmalm S, Hoffmann HJ, Li L, Gho YS, Nilsson JA, Lotvall J. Endosomal signalling via exosome surface TGFbeta-1. J Extracell Vesicles. 2019;8:1650458.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Stockis J, Dedobbeleer O, Lucas S. Role of GARP in the activation of latent TGF-beta1. Mol Biosyst. 2017;13:1925–35.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Webber J, Steadman R, Mason MD, Tabi Z, Clayton A. Cancer exosomes trigger fibroblast to myofibroblast differentiation. Cancer Res. 2010;70:9621–30.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Yu P, Han Y, Meng L, Tian Y, Jin Z, Luo J, Han C, Xu W, Kong L, Zhang C. Exosomes derived from pulmonary metastatic sites enhance osteosarcoma lung metastasis by transferring the miR-194/215 cluster targeting MARCKS. Acta Pharm Sin B. 2024. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsb.2024.01.016.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Javanmardi Y, Agrawal A, Malandrino A, Lasli S, Chen M, Shahreza S, Serwinski B, Cammoun L, Li R, Jorfi M, et al. Endothelium and subendothelial matrix mechanics modulate Cancer Cell Transendothelial Migration. Adv Sci (Weinh). 2023;10:e2206554.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Zeng Z, Li Y, Pan Y, Lan X, Song F, Sun J, Zhou K, Liu X, Ren X, Wang F, et al. Cancer-derived exosomal mir-25-3p promotes pre-metastatic niche formation by inducing vascular permeability and angiogenesis. Nat Commun. 2018;9:5395.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Rodrigues G, Hoshino A, Kenific CM, Matei IR, Steiner L, Freitas D, Kim HS, Oxley PR, Scandariato I, Casanova-Salas I, et al. Tumour exosomal CEMIP protein promotes cancer cell colonization in brain metastasis. Nat Cell Biol. 2019;21:1403–12.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Lin Y, Zhang C, Xiang P, Shen J, Sun W, Yu H. Exosomes derived from HeLa cells break down vascular integrity by triggering endoplasmic reticulum stress in endothelial cells. J Extracell Vesicles. 2020;9:1722385.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Lin Q, Chen X, Meng F, Ogawa K, Li M, Song R, Zhang S, Zhang Z, Kong X, Xu Q, et al. ASPH-notch Axis guided Exosomal delivery of Prometastatic Secretome renders breast Cancer multi-organ metastasis. Mol Cancer. 2019;18:156.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Ostrowski M, Carmo NB, Krumeich S,