*Collaborators (clinical investigators) of the iCral study group are Paolo Ciano1, MD, Michele Benedetti1, MD, Leonardo Antonio Montemurro1, MD, Marco Clementi2, 3, MD, Elisa Bertocchi4, MD, Gaia Masini4, MD, Amedeo Altamura5, MD, Francesco Rubichi5, MD, Marco Migliore6, MD, Daniele Parlanti7, MD, Gabriele Vago7, MD, Antonio Sciuto8, MD, Ugo Pace9, MD, Andrea Fares Bucci9, MD, Michele Simone10, MD, Diletta Cassini11, MD, Lorenzo Pandolfini12, MD, Alessandro Falsetto12, MD, Ferdinando Ficari13, MD, Francesco Giudici13, MD, Fabio Cianchi13, MD, Alberto Patriti14, MD, Marcella Lodovica Ricci14, MD, Walter Siquini15, MD, Alessandro Cardinali15, MD, Stefano D’Ugo16, MD, PhD, FEBS, FACS, Marcello Spampinato16, MD, PhD, FEBS (HPB), Stefano Scabini17, MD, Alessandra Aprile17, MD, Domenico Soriero17, MD, Marco Caricato18, MD, FACS, Gabriella Teresa Capolupo18, MD, FACS, Giusto Pignata19, MD, Jacopo Andreuccetti19, MD, Ilaria Canfora19, MD, Andrea Liverani20, MD, Giuseppe Lamacchia20, MD, Claudia Franceschilli20, MD,Roberto Campagnacci21, MD, Angela Maurizi21, MD, Pierluigi Marini22, MD, Grazia Maria Attinà22, MD, Ugo Elmore23, MD, Francesco Puccetti23, MD, Francesco Corcione24, MD, Umberto Bracale24, MD, Roberto Peltrini24, MD, Roberto Santoro25, MD, Pietro Amodio25, MD, Massimo Carlini26, MD, FACS, Domenico Spoletini26, MD, PhD, FACS, Rosa Marcellinaro26, MD, Antonio Giuliani27, MD, Giovanni Del Vecchio27, MD, Mario Sorrentino28, MD, Massimo Stefanoni28, MD, Giovanni Ferrari29, MD, Pietro Maria Lombardi29, MD, Alberto Di Leo30, MD, Lorenzo Crepaz30, MD, Augusto Verzelli31, MD, Andrea Budassi31, MD, Giuseppe Sica32, MD, Giulia Bagaglini32, MD, Stefano Rausei33, MD, Silvia Tenconi33, MD, Davide Cavaliere34, MD, Leonardo Solaini34, MD, Giorgio Ercolani34, MD, Gian Luca Baiocchi35, MD, FACS, Sarah Molfino35, MD, Marco Milone36, MD, Giovanni Domenico De Palma36, MD, Giovanni Ciaccio37, MD, Paolo Locurto37, MD, Giovanni Domenico Tebala38, MD, Antonio Di Cintio38, MD, Luigi Boni39, MD, FACS, Elisa Cassinotti39, MD, Stefano Mancini40, MD, Andrea Sagnotta40, MD, PhD, Mario Guerrieri41, MD, Monica Ortenzi41, MD, Roberto Persiani42, MD, Alberto Biondi42, MD, Andrea Lucchi43, MD, FACS, Giulia Vitali43, MD, Dario Parini44, MD, Maurizio De Luca44, MD, Antonino Spinelli45, MD, Francesco Carrano45, MD, Michele Genna46, MD, Francesca Fior46, MD, Vincenzo Bottino47, MD, Antonio Ferronetti47, MD, Andrea Coratti48, MD, Giuseppe Giuliani48, MD, Roberto Benigni48, MD, Dario Scala49, MD, Battistino Puppio49, MD, Alessio Vagliasindi49, MD, Andrea Muratore50, MD, Patrizia Marsanic50, MD, Nicoletta Sveva Pipitone Federico50, MD, Maurizio Pavanello51, MD, Carlo Di Marco51, MD, Umberto Rivolta52, MD, Camillo Leonardo Bertoglio52, MD, PhD, Micaela Piccoli53, MD, FACS, Francesca Pecchini53, MD, Carlo Talarico54, MD, Vincenzo Greco54, MD, Alessandro Carrara55, MD, Michele Motter55, MD, Giuseppe Tirone55, MD, Mauro Totis56, MD, Nicolò Tamini56, MD, Franco Roviello57, MD, Riccardo Piagnerelli57, MD, Alessandro Anastasi58, MD, Giuseppe Canonico58, MD, Gianluca Guercioni59, MD, Simone Cicconi59, MD, Giuseppe Maria Ettorre60, MD, Marco Colasanti60, MD, Mauro Montuori61, MD, Enrico Pinotti61, MD, Pierpaolo Mariani62, MD, Roberta Carminati62, MD, Nicolò de Manzini63, MD, Edoardo Osenda63, MD, Annibale Donini64, MD, Luigina Graziosi64, MD, Mariano Fortunato Armellino65, MD, Ciro De Martino65, MD, Lucio Taglietti66, MD, Arianna Birindelli66, MD, Gabriele Anania67, MD, Matteo Chiozza67, MD, Mariantonietta Di Cosmo68, MD, Daniele Zigiotto68, MD, Carlo Vittorio Feo69, MD, Fioralba Pindozzi69, MD, Paolo Millo70, MD, Manuela Grivon70, MD, Corrado Pedrazzani71, MD, Cristian Conti71, MD, Silvio Guerriero72, MD, Lorenzo Organetti72, MD, Andrea Costanzi73, MD, Michela Monteleone73, MD, Nereo Vettoretto74, MD, Emanuele Botteri74, MD, Federico Marchesi75, MD, Giorgio Dalmonte75, MD, Massimo Basti76, MD, Diletta Frazzini76, MD, Graziano Longo77, MD, Simone Santoni77, MD, Moreno Cicetti78, MD, Gabriele La Gioia78, MD, Giuseppe Brisinda79, MD, Stefano Berti80, MD.

From the 1General Surgery Unit, Sandro Pertini Hospital, ASL Roma 2, Roma; 2General Surgery Unit, University of L’Aquila, L’Aquila; 3Department of Applied Clinical Sciences and Biotechnology, University of L’Aquila, L’Aquila; 4General Surgery Unit, IRCCS Sacro Cuore Don Calabria Hospital, Negrar di Valpolicella (VR); 5General Surgery Unit, Cardinale G. Panico Hospital, Tricase (LE); 6Oncologic Surgery Unit, Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo (TO); 7General Surgery Unit, Infermi Hospital, Rimini; 8General Surgery Unit, ASL Napoli 2 Nord, Pozzuoli (NA); 9Colorectal Surgical Oncology, Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori, “Fondazione Giovanni Pascale IRCCS-Italia”, Naples; 10Department of Surgical Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Tumori “Giovanni Paolo II”, Bari; 11General Surgery Unit, ASST Ovest Milanese, Legnano (MI); 12General Surgery Unit, Santa Maria Annunziata & Serristori Hospital, Florence; 13General Surgery and IBD Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Firenze; 14Department of Surgery, Marche Nord Hospital, Pesaro e Fano (PU); 15General Surgery Unit, S. Lucia Hospital, Macerata; 16General Surgery Unit, “V. Fazzi” Hospital, Lecce; 17General & Oncologic Surgery Unit, IRCCS “San Martino” National Cancer Center, Genova; 18Colorectal Surgery Unit, Policlinico Campus BioMedico, Roma; 192nd General Surgery Unit 2, Spedali Civili di Brescia; 20General Surgery Unit, Regina Apostolorum Hospital, Albano Laziale (RM); 21General Surgery Unit, “C. Urbani” Hospital, Jesi (AN); 22General & Emergency Surgery Unit, San Camillo-Forlanini Hospital, Roma; 23 23Gastrointestinal Surgery Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milano; 24Minimally Invasive General and Oncologic and Surgery Unit, “Federico II” University, Napoli; 25General Oncologic Surgery Unit, Belcolle Hospital, Viterbo; 26General Surgery Unit, S. Eugenio Hospital, ASL Roma 2, Roma; 27General Surgery Unit, S. Carlo Hospital, Potenza; 28General Surgery Unit, Latisana-Palmanova Hospital, Friuli Centrale University, Udine; 29General Oncologic and Mininvasive Surgery Unit, Great Metropolitan Niguarda Hospital, Milano; 30General and Minimally Invasive Surgery Unit, San Camillo Hospital, Trento; 31General Surgery Unit, Profili Hospital, Fabriano (AN); 32Minimally Invasive Surgery Unit, Policlinico Tor Vergata University Hospital, Roma; 33General Surgery Unit, Gallarate Hospital (VA); 34General & Oncologic Surgery Unit, AUSL Romagna, Forlì (FC); 35General Surgery Unit 3, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia; 36General & Endoscopic Surgery Unit, “Federico II” University, Napoli;37General Surgery Unit, S. Elia Hospital, Caltanissetta; 38General Surgery Unit, S. Maria Hospital, Terni; 39General Surgery Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda, Policlinico Maggiore Hospital, Milano; 40General & Oncologic Surgery Unit, San Filippo Neri Hospital, ASL Roma 1; 41Surgical Clinic, Torrette Hospital, University of Ancona; 42General Surgery Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Roma; 43General Surgery Unit, “Ceccarini” Hospital, Riccione (RN); 44General Surgery Unit, S. Maria della Misericordia Hospital, Rovigo; 45Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele (MI) and IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano (MI); 46General Surgery Unit, University Hospital, Verona; 47General & Oncologic Surgery Unit, Evangelico Betania Hospital, Napoli; 48General and Emergency Surgery Unit, Misericordia Hospital, Grosseto; 49Abdominal Oncologic Surgery Unit, IRCCS CROB Basilicata Referral Cancer Center, Rionero in Vulture (PZ); 50General Surgery Unit, “E. Agnelli” Hospital, Pinerolo (TO); 51General Surgery Unit, AULSS2 Marca Trevigiana, Conegliano Veneto (TV); 52General Surgery Unit, Fornaroli Hospital, ASST Ovest Milanese, Magenta (MI); 53General Surgery Unit, Civil Hospital, Baggiovara (MO); 54General Surgery Unit, Villa dei Gerani Hospital, Vibo Valentia (VV); 551st General Surgery Unit, S. Chiara Hospital, Trento; 56Colorectal Surgery Unit, San Gerardo Hospital, ASST Monza; 57General & Oncologic Surgery Unit, AOU Senese, Siena; 58General Surgery Unit, San Giovanni di Dio Hospital, Firenze; 59General Surgery Unit, “C. e G. Mazzoni” Hospital, Ascoli Piceno; 60General & Transplant Surgery Unit, San Camillo-Forlanini Hospital, Roma; 61General & Mininvasive Surgery Unit, S. Pietro Hospital, Ponte San Pietro (BG); 62General Surgery Unit, Pesenti Fenaroli Hospital, Alzano Lombardo (BG); 63Surgical Clinic, University of Trieste, Trieste; 64General & Emergency Surgery Unit, University of Perugia, Perugia; 65General & Emergency Surgery Unit, S. Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d’Aragona Hospital, Salerno; 66General Surgery Unit, ASST Valcamonica, Esine (BS); 67General & Laparoscopic Surgery Unit, University Hospital, Ferrara; 68General & Upper GI Surgery Unit, University Hospital, Verona; 69General Surgery Unit, Delta Hospital, University of Ferrara, Lagosanto (FE); 70General Surgery Unit, “U. Parini” Regional Hospital, Aosta; 71General & HPB Surgery Unit, University Hospital, Verona; 72General Surgery Unit, “A. Murri” Hospital, Fermo; 73General Surgery Unit, S. Leopoldo Hospital, Merate (LC); 74General Surgery Unit, Spedali Civili of Brescia, Montichiari (BS); 75Surgical Clinic, University of Parma; 76General Surgery Unit, Spirito Santo Hospital, Pescara; 77General Surgery Unit, Policlinico Casilino, Roma; 78General Surgery Unit, S. Maria della Misericordia Hospital, Urbino (PU); 79General

Surgery Unit, San Giovanni di Dio Hospital, Crotone; 80General Surgery Unit, ASL 5 Liguria POLL, La Spezia; Italy. α Study coordinator.