aSchool of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China

bDepartment of Cardiovascular Medicine, Centre for Epidemiological Studies and Clinical Trials, The Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China

Correspondence to Ji-Guang Wang, MD, PhD, The Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Ruijin 2nd Road 197, Shanghai 200025, China. Tel: +86 21 64370045 610911; fax: +86 21 64662193; e-mail: [email protected]

Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; CKD-EPI, Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; GITS, gastrointestinal therapeutic system; SD, standard deviation; SE, standard error

Received 7 October, 2023

Revised 19 December, 2023

Accepted 7 January, 2024

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