The natural history of chronic HBV infection (CHB) is generally divided into four phases: HBeAg-positive chronic HBV infection (EPCI) and –hepatitis (EPCH), HBeAg-negative chronic HBV infection (ENCI) and –hepatitis (ENCH). This study aimed to investigate changes in serum quantitative surface antigen (qHBsAg), systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) and systemic inflammatory response index (SIRI) in a large number of CHB patients.

Three hundred seventy-two CHB patients who underwent liver biopsy between January 2015 and February 2020 were evaluated.

The SII-values were strongly significant between EPCI–EPCH (P = 0.002), however, there was significant difference between ENCI–ENCH (P = 0.025). Considering the SIRI results, there was a significant difference between both EPCI–EPCH (P = 0.009) and ENCI-ENCH (P = 0.118). In HBeAg-positive patients HBV-DNA, qHBsAg, and SII were found to be predictive (P = 0.029, P = 0.039, P = 0.027, respectively) while in HBeAg-negative patients, age, AST, HBV-DNA, qHBsAg, SII, and SIRI were found to be predictive (P = 0.047, P = 0.084, P = <0.001, P = 0.001, P = 0.012, P = 0.002, respectively). In EPCH phase, whereby accuracy rate results of HBV-DNA, qHBsAg, and SII were 75.3%, 73.4%, and 60.4%, respectively, while in the ENCH phase the accuracy rates of age, AST, HBV-DNA, qHBsAg, SII, and SIRI values were 57.8%, 65.6%, 68.3%, 63.8%, 57.3% and 53.2%, respectively.

HBV-DNA, qHBsAg, and SII are predictive in EPCH patients. Age, AST, HBV-DNA, qHBsAg, SII and SIRI are all predictive in ENCH patients. In patients with CHB, we recommend using SII to distinguish between EPCI-EPCH and ENCI-ENCH. Based on its sensitivity and features, we believe that qHBsAg and SII are suitable measuring instruments in discrimination both of EPCI-EPCH and ENCI-ENCH.