*Department of Community Health & Health Behavior, School of Public Health & Health Professions, State University of New York at Buffalo, NY

†VA Center for Integrated Healthcare, VA Western New York Healthcare System, Buffalo, NY

‡VA Center for Integrated Healthcare, Syracuse VA Medical Center, Syracuse, NY

§Department of Psychiatry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY

The information provided in this study does not represent the views of the Department of Veterans Affairs or the United States Government.

Supported by funding from the VA HSR&D Pain/Opioid CORE and with additional support from the VA Center for Integrated Healthcare.

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Correspondence to: Sarah Cercone Heavey, PhD, MPH, School of Public Health & Health Professions, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, 301 Kimball Tower, Buffalo, NY 14214. E-mail: [email protected].

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