*Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston, TX

†Center for Innovations in Quality, Effectiveness, and Safety, Houston, TX

‡Department of Psychology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX

§Department of Medicine, University of Houston, Houston, TX

The methods described in this article have previously been presented at the American Medical Informatics Association (AMIA) Clinical Informatics Conference (May 24–26, 2022, Houston, TX) and the Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center Research Service Line Poster Session (October 29, 2021, Houston, TX); the results that were presented used earlier data.

The research presented in this article was conducted at a Veterans Health Administration Center of Innovation (COIN) supported by a VA COIN grant (CIN 13-413). This research was funded by Veterans Health Administration Health Services Research & Development (VA HSR&D) grants IIR 15-438, IIR 19-057, and C19 20-212.

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Correspondence to: Laura A. Petersen, MD, MPH, Center for Innovations in Quality, Effectiveness, and Safety, 2450 Holcombe Boulevard, Suite 01Y, Houston, TX 77021. E-mail: [email protected].