1School of Public Health, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China

∗[email protected]

Supplemental Digital Content: Appendix Table A1, available at https://links.lww.com/OPX/A655: checklist of followed by Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses statement.

Appendix Table A2, available at https://links.lww.com/OPX/A656: checklist of followed by Meta-Analyses statement and Meta-analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology guidelines.

Appendix Table A3, available at https://links.lww.com/OPX/A657: search strategy.

Appendix Table A4, available at https://links.lww.com/OPX/A658: summary of characteristics of the selected studies.

Appendix Table A5, available at https://links.lww.com/OPX/A659: combined effect size for risk factors.

Appendix Table A6, available at https://links.lww.com/OPX/A660: the certainty of the evidence for potential risk factors by GRADE assessment.

Appendix Figure A1, available at https://links.lww.com/OPX/A661: funnel plots and egger tests of the risk factors for primary angle-closure glaucoma. Risk factors included in no less than 10 studies were analyzed for publication bias. Egger tests and funnel plots revealed no obvious publication bias (P>.05) for hypertension (A & B), intraocular pressure (C & D), anterior chamber depth (E & F) except for axial length (G & H) (P<.001).

Appendix Figure A2, available at https://links.lww.com/OPX/A662: weight and risk of primary angle-closure glaucoma.

Appendix Figure A3, available at https://links.lww.com/OPX/A663: height and risk of primary angle-closure glaucoma.

Appendix Figure A4, available at https://links.lww.com/OPX/A664: body mass index and risk of primary angle-closure glaucoma.

Appendix Figure A5, available at https://links.lww.com/OPX/A665: systolic blood pressure and risk of primary angle-closure glaucoma.

Appendix Figure A6, available at https://links.lww.com/OPX/A666: diastolic blood pressure and risk of primary angle-closure glaucoma.

Appendix Figure A7, available at https://links.lww.com/OPX/A667: smoking and risk of primary angle-closure glaucoma.

Appendix Figure A8, available at https://links.lww.com/OPX/A668: drinking and risk of primary angle-closure glaucoma.

Appendix Figure A9, available at https://links.lww.com/OPX/A669: intraocular pressure and risk of primary angle-closure glaucoma.

Appendix Figure A10, available at https://links.lww.com/OPX/A670: anterior chamber depth and risk of primary angle-closure glaucoma.

Appendix Figure A11, available at https://links.lww.com/OPX/A671: axial length and risk of primary angle-closure glaucoma.

Appendix Figure A12, available at https://links.lww.com/OPX/A672: retinal nerve fiber layer and risk of primary angle-closure glaucoma.

Appendix Figure A13, available at https://links.lww.com/OPX/A673: lens thickness and risk of primary angle-closure glaucoma.

Appendix Figure A14, available at https://links.lww.com/OPX/A674: spherical equivalent and risk of primary angle-closure glaucoma.

Appendix Figure A15, available at https://links.lww.com/OPX/A675: central corneal thickness and risk of primary angle-closure glaucoma.

Appendix Figure A16, available at https://links.lww.com/OPX/A676: lens/axial length factor and risk of primary angle-closure glaucoma.

Appendix Figure A17, available at https://links.lww.com/OPX/A677: cardiovascular disease and risk of primary angle-closure glaucoma.

Appendix Figure A18, available at https://links.lww.com/OPX/A678: migraine and risk of primary angle-closure glaucoma.

Appendix Figure A19, available at https://links.lww.com/OPX/A679: cataract and risk of primary angle-closure glaucoma.

Appendix Figure A20, available at https://links.lww.com/OPX/A680: ischemic heart disease and risk of primary angle-closure glaucoma.

Appendix Figure A21, available at https://links.lww.com/OPX/A681: hyperlipidemia and risk of primary angle-closure glaucoma.

Appendix Figure A22, available at https://links.lww.com/OPX/A682: diabetes and risk of primary angle-closure glaucoma.

Appendix Figure A23, available at https://links.lww.com/OPX/A683: hypertension and risk of primary angle-closure glaucoma.

Appendix Figure A24, available at https://links.lww.com/OPX/A684: total cholesterol and risk of primary angle-closure glaucoma.

Appendix Figure A25, available at https://links.lww.com/OPX/A685: triglyceride and risk of primary angle-closure glaucoma.

Appendix Figure A26, available at https://links.lww.com/OPX/A686: malondialdehyde and risk of primary angle-closure glaucoma.

Appendix Figure A27, available at https://links.lww.com/OPX/A687: uric acid and risk of primary angle-closure glaucoma.

Appendix Figure A28, available at https://links.lww.com/OPX/A688: total antioxidant status and risk of primary angle-closure glaucoma.

Appendix Figure A29, available at https://links.lww.com/OPX/A689: antidepressant and risk of primary angle-closure glaucoma.

Appendix Figure A30, available at https://links.lww.com/OPX/A690: sulfa-based drugs and risk of primary angle-closure glaucoma.

Submitted: September 1, 2022

Accepted: June 28, 2023

Funding/Support: National Natural Science Foundation of China (82122059; to C-WP).

Conflict of Interest Disclosure: None of the authors have reported a financial conflict of interest.

Author Contributions and Acknowledgments: Data Curation: YW, X-WH; Formal Analysis: YW; Writing – Original Draft: YW, X-WH; Writing – Review & Editing: X-XD, C-WP.YW and X-XD contributed equally to this work and are considered co–first authors.