1The Ohio State University College of Optometry, Columbus, Ohio

2Southern California College of Optometry at Marshall B. Ketchum University, Fullerton, California

3School of Optometry, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama

4University of Houston College of Optometry, Houston, Texas

5Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona; for the CLEERE Study

∗[email protected]

Submitted: November 1, 2023

Accepted: March 13, 2024

Funding/Support: National Eye Institute (R01 EY008893; to KZ); Office of Minority Research/National Institutes of Health (R21 EY012273; to KZ); Ohio Lions Eye Research Foundation (to KZ); and E. F. Wildermuth Foundation (to KZ).

Conflict of Interest Disclosure: The authors listed report a financial conflict of interest (KZ, DOM: Vyluma, Inc.). The sponsor provided financial support but had no role in the study design, conduct, analysis and interpretation, or writing of the report. The authors were responsible for preparation of this manuscript and the decision to submit this article for publication. Each of the authors had limited access to the study data and takes full responsibility for their presentation in this article.

Author Contributions and Acknowledgments: Conceptualization: DOM, KZ; Data Curation: LTS, LAJ-J; Formal Analysis: LTS; Funding Acquisition: DOM, KZ; Investigation: DOM, SAC, RNK, REM, JDT, KZ; Methodology: DOM, SAC, LAJ-J, RNK, REM, JDT, KZ; Project Administration: SAC, LAJ-J, RNK, REM, JDT, KZ; Supervision: DOM, KZ; Writing – Original Draft: DOM; Writing – Review & Editing: DOM, LTS, SAC, LAJ-J, RNK, REM, JDT, KZ.

National Eye Institute and the Office of Minority Research (EY08893, EY12273; to KZ). A full listing of the members of the CLEERE Study group is available at https://links.lww.com/OPX/A727.

Supplemental Digital Content: Direct URL links are provided within the text.