1 Medical-Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Centre Hospitalier de Versailles - Site André Mignot, Le Chesnay Cedex, France.

2 Cardiology Department, Centre Hospitalier de Versailles - Site André Mignot, Le Chesnay Cedex, France.

3 IctalGroup, Le Chesnay, France.

4 Intensive Care Unit, Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal Toulon La Seyne sur Mer, Toulon, France.

5 Department of Intensive Care, François Mitterrand University Hospital, Dijon, France.

6 UVSQ, INSERM, University Paris-Saclay, CESP, Team «PsyDev», Villejuif, France.

7 Intensive Care Unit, Marc Jacquet Hospital, Melun, France.

8 Intensive Care Unit, Saint-Louis Hospital, La Rochelle, France.

9 Department of Intensive and Continuous Care, Roanne Hospital, Roanne, France.

10 Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Beaujon Hospital, DMU Parabol, Paris, France.

11 Saint Joseph Hospital, Medical-Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Paris, France.

12 Medical Intensive Care Unit, University Hospital of Brest, Cavale Blanche, Brest Cedex, France.

13 Cotentin Public Hospital Center, General Intensive Care Unit, Cherbourg-en-Cotentin, France.

14 Intensive Care Unit, Hôpital de Béthune, Beuvry, France.

15 Department of Polyvalent Intensive Care Unit, Ramsay Générale de Santé, Claude Galien Private Hospital, Quincy-sous-Sénart, France.

16 Intensive Care Unit, Centre Hospitalier de Brive, Brive-La-Gaillarde, France.

17 Department of Intensive Care, Cannes Hospital, Cannes, France.

18 Henri Mondor Teaching Hospital, Service D’anesthésie-Réanimation Chirurgicale, DMU CARE, DHU A-TVB, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Univ Paris Est Créteil, Faculté de Santé, Créteil, France.

19 U955-IMRB, Equipe 03 “Pharmacologie Et Technologies Pour Les Maladies Cardiovasculaires (PROTECT),” Inserm, Univ Paris Est Créteil (UPEC), Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort (EnVA), Maisons-Alfort, France.

20 Intensive Care Unit, Centre Hospitalier d’Angoulême, Angoulême, France.

21 Intensive Care Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Hôtel-Dieu, Nantes Cedex, France.

*See also p. 420.

Drs. Gilles and Cochet contributed equally.

Drs. Chinardet and Legriel had full access to all of the data in the study and take responsibility for the integrity of the data and the accuracy of the data analysis. Dr. Legriel helped in concept and design. All authors helped in acquisition, analysis, or interpretation of data. Drs. Chinardet and Legriel helped in drafting of the article. All authors contributed to critical revision of the article for important intellectual content. Dr. Legriel helped in statistical analysis; administrative, technical, or material support; and supervision. Dr. Legriel obtained funding.

Supplemental digital content is available for this article. Direct URL citations appear in the printed text and are provided in the HTML and PDF versions of this article on the journal’s website (http://journals.lww.com/ccmjournal).

Supported, in part, by the French public funding agency Délégation à la Recherche Clinique et à l’Innovation (DRCI), Versailles, France. The sponsor had no part in the collection, management, analysis, or interpretation of the data, nor article writing and reporting study conclusions.

Dr. Fontaine disclosed work for hire. Dr. Arrayago disclosed government work. Dr. Mongardon received consulting fees from Amomed and grants from Air liquide. Dr. Bailly received financial support from Sedana Medical. Dr. Lascarrou received honoraria from BD and Zoll. Dr. Convers received honoraria from Astra Zeneca and from Eduprat. The remaining authors have disclosed that they do not have any potential conflicts of interest.

Coralie Marjolet, Louison Feyrit, Gabriel Obert, Lea Jacot, and Sybille Merceron (Centre Hospitalier de Versailles); Sonia Garrigou, Roxane Bai, and Camille Prudat (Groupe Hospitalier Paris Saint Joseph); Carole Ouisse and Diane Maugars (Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nantes);Audrey Massard, Mathilde Godard, Mathilde Audry, and Ludivine Garrier (Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Dijon); Magaly NOEL, Guillaume Duhommet (Centre Hospitalier du Cotentin); Alice Langlois, Julie Noublanche (Centre Hospitalier de La Rochelle); Jean-Philippe Rigaud (Centre Hospitalier de Dieppe); Gaëtan Plantefeve (Centre Hospitalier d’Argenteuil); Annabelle Stoclin (Instituy Gustave Roussy); Wulfran Bougouin (Hôpital Privé Jacques Cartier); Pierre-Marie Bertrand (Centre Hospitalier de Cannes).

Ethical restrictions apply to the availability of these data regarding participant privacy, thus prohibiting us from making the entire data set publicly available. However, after publication, data will be available to any researcher who provides a methodologically sound study proposal that is approved by the central study team. Proposals can be submitted to the IctalGroup Research Network at the Versailles Hospital. Individual patients and hospitals will not be identifiable in any released data, and all appropriate information governance protocols will be followed.

We confirm that we have read the Journal’s position on issues involved in ethical publication and confirm that this study is consistent with those guidelines.

For information regarding this article, E-mail: [email protected]