1 Department of Physiotherapy, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.

2 Department of Physiotherapy, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia.

3 School of Rehabilitation Therapy, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON, Canada.

4 Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY.

5 Department of Physiotherapy, St Vincent’s Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia.

6 Caring Futures Institute and College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, Australia.

7 Department of Surgery, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.

8 School of Health Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.

9 School of Kinesiology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada.

10 Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada.

11 Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL.

12 School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC.

13 Atrium Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC.

Drs. Granger, Parry, and Sarwal share the joint senior authorship.

Supplemental digital content is available for this article. Direct URL citations appear in the printed text and are provided in the HTML and PDF versions of this article on the journal’s website (http://journals.lww.com/ccmjournal).

Mr. Truong, Dr. Abo, Dr. Ntoumenopoulos, Dr. El-Ansary, Dr. Granger, Dr. Parry, and Dr. Sarwal conceptualized the study and study aims of this review. Mr. Truong, Dr. Abo, Dr. Ntoumenopoulos, Dr. El-Ansary, Dr. Granger, and Dr. Parry participated in the screening of articles for inclusion in this review. Mr. Truong, Dr. Abo, Ms. Whish-Wilson, Dr. D’Souza, Dr. Ntoumenopoulos, Dr. Paris, Dr. Granger, and Dr. Parry participated in the data extraction/risk of bias of included articles. Mr. Truong, Dr. Mathur, Dr. Mayer, Dr. Ntoumenopoulos, Dr. Baldwin, Dr. El-Ansary, Dr. Paris, Dr. Mourtzakis, Dr. Morris, Dr. Pastva, Dr. Granger, Dr. Parry, and Dr. Sarwal participated in the interpretation of the results. Mr. Truong drafted the initial version of the article with all authors participating in the final drafting of this review. All authors read and approved the final article.

Dr. Parry is currently a recipient of a Val and Al Rosenstrauss Fellowship. Dr. Sarwal’s institution has received compensation for research support for conducting multicenter clinical trials from Bard, Biogen, Novartis, and CVR Global. Her institute has received compensation from LungPacer and NIH/NIA R01 AG066910-01 (Brinkley/Shaltout) for her role as a consultant for ultrasound image analysis in clinical research trial. She has received honorarium, free meeting registration, or reimbursement of travel expenses for role as speaker from Society of Critical Care Medicine, Neurocritical Society, Indian Society of Critical Care Medicine, Indian Academy of Neurology, American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine, Intensive Care Society, American College of Chest Physicians, American Thoracic Society, and American Association of Physical Therapists. The remaining authors have disclosed that they do not have any potential conflicts of interest.

For information regarding this article, E-mail: [email protected]