Trimarchi H, Barratt J, Cattran DC, Cook HT, Coppo R, Haas M, Liu ZH, Roberts IS, Yuzawa Y, Zhang H, Feehally J (2017) Oxford classification of IgA nephropathy 2016: an update from the IgA Nephropathy Classification Working Group. Kidney Int 91(5):1014–1021

Article  Google Scholar 

Sugiura N, Moriyama T, Miyabe Y, Karasawa K, Nitta K (2021) Severity of arterial and/or arteriolar sclerosis in IgA nephropathy and the effects of renin-angiotensin system inhibitors on its prognosis. J Pathol Clin Res 7(6):616–623

Article  Google Scholar 

Cai Q, Shi S, Wang S, Ren Y, Zhang H (2019) Microangiopathic lesions in IgA nephropathy: a cohort study. Am J Kidney Dis 74(5):629–639

Article  Google Scholar 

Zhang Y, Sun L, Zhou S, Xu Q, Xu Q, Liu D, Liu L, Hu R, Quan S, Xing G (2018) Intrarenal arterial lesions are associated with higher blood pressure, reduced renal function and poorer renal outcomes in patients with IgA nephropathy. Kidney Blood Press Res 43(2):639–650

Article  Google Scholar 

Isobe S, Ohashi N, Ishigaki S, Tsuji N, Tsuji T, Kato A, Yasuda H (2017) Increased nocturnal blood pressure variability is associated with renal arteriolar hyalinosis in normotensive patients with IgA nephropathy. Hypertens Res 40(11):921–926

Article  Google Scholar 

Bazzi C, Stivali G, Rachele G, Rizza V, Casellato D, Nangaku M (2015) Arteriolar hyalinosis and arterial hypertension as possible surrogate markers of reduced interstitial blood flow and hypoxia in glomerulonephritis. Nephrology (Carlton) 20(1):11–17

Article  Google Scholar 

Nasri H, Mubarak M (2013) Significance of vasculopathy in IgA nephropathy patients with regard to Oxford classification and immunostaining findings: a single center experience. J Renal Inj Prev 2(2):41–45

Google Scholar 

Zhang R, Lin J, Qu L, Zheng F, Zheng Z (2014) C3d deposition in the media of renal arterioles is a useful marker for arteriolosclerosis in IgA nephropathy. Ann Diagn Pathol 18(2):104–108

Article  Google Scholar 

D’Amico G, Napodano P, Ferrario F, Rastaldi M, Arrigo G (2001) Idiopathic IgA nephropathy with segmental necrotizing lesions of the capillary wall. Kidney Int 59(2):682–692

Article  Google Scholar 

Kaneko Y, Yoshita K, Kono E, Ito Y, Imai N, Yamamoto S, Goto S, Narita I (2016) Extracapillary proliferation and arteriolar hyalinosis are associated with long-term kidney survival in IgA nephropathy. Clin Exp Nephrol 20(4):569–577

Article  Google Scholar 

Tang X, Wen Q, Zhou Q, Chen W (2021) Clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis of patients with IgA nephropathy and renal vasculitic lesions. BMC Nephrol 22(1):353

Article  Google Scholar 

El Karoui K, Hill GS, Karras A, Jacquot C, Moulonguet L, Kourilsky O, Frémeaux-Bacchi V, Delahousse M, Duong Van Huyen JP, Loupy A, Bruneval P, Nochy D (2012) A clinicopathologic study of thrombotic microangiopathy in IgA nephropathy. J Am Soc Nephrol 23(1):137–148

Article  Google Scholar 

Ikee R, Kobayashi S, Saigusa T, Namikoshi T, Yamada M, Hemmi N, Imakiire T, Kikuchi Y, Suzuki S, Miura S (2006) Impact of hypertension and hypertension-related vascular lesions in IgA nephropathy. Hypertens Res 29(1):15–22

Article  Google Scholar 

Inker LA, Eneanya ND, Coresh J, Tighiouart H, Wang D, Sang Y, Crews DC, Doria A, Estrella MM, Froissart M, Grams ME, Greene T, Grubb A, Gudnason V, Gutiérrez OM, Kalil R, Karger AB, Mauer M, Navis G, Nelson RG, Poggio ED, Rodby R, Rossing P, Rule AD, Selvin E, Seegmiller JC, Shlipak MG, Torres VE, Yang W, Ballew SH, Couture SJ, Powe NR, Levey AS (2021) New creatinine- and cystatin C-based equations to estimate GFR without race. N Engl J Med 385(19):1737–1749

Article  Google Scholar 

Ikizler TA, Cuppari L (2021) The 2020 updated KDOQI clinical practice guidelines for nutrition in chronic kidney disease. Blood Purif 50(4–5):667–671

Article  Google Scholar 

Kazi AM and Hashmi MF. Glomerulonephritis. StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing Copyright © 2021, StatPearls Publishing LLC., 2021

Coresh J, Turin T, Matsushita K, Sang Y, Ballew S, Appel L, Arima H, Chadban S, Cirillo M, Djurdjev O, Green J, Heine G, Inker L, Irie F, Ishani A, Ix J, Kovesdy C, Marks A, Ohkubo T, Shalev V, Shankar A, Wen C, de Jong P, Iseki K, Stengel B, Gansevoort R, Levey A (2014) Decline in estimated glomerular filtration rate and subsequent risk of end-stage renal disease and mortality. JAMA 311(24):2518–2531

Article  Google Scholar 

Wang YY, Ye YM, Li XT, Ng MK, Huang JS (2011) Hierarchical information-theoretic co-clustering for high dimensional data. Int J Innov Comput Inf Control 7(1):487–500

Google Scholar 

Saigusa Y, Eguchi S and Komori O. Generalized quasi-linear mixed-effects model. Statistical methods in medical research 2022: 9622802221085864

Gu Z and Huebschmann D. Make Interactive Complex Heatmaps in R. Bioinformatics 2021

Friendly M. 'vcd' Extensions and Additions [R package vcdExtra version 0.7–1]2015

Kassambara A. Drawing Survival Curves using 'ggplot2' [R package survminer version 0.2.0]2017

Ginestet C (2011) ggplot2: Elegant graphics for data analysis. J Roy Stat Soc Ser A-Stat Soc 174:245–245

Article  Google Scholar 

Zhang ZH (2016) Multiple imputation with multivariate imputation by chained equation (MICE) package. Ann Transl Med 4(2):30

Google Scholar 

Russo E, Drovandi S, Salvidio G, Verzola D, Esposito P, Garibotto G, Viazzi F (2020) Increased serum uric acid levels are associated to renal arteriolopathy and predict poor outcome in IgA nephropathy. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 30(12):2343–2350

Article  Google Scholar 

Ko J, Kang HJ, Kim DA, Kim MJ, Ryu ES, Lee S, Ryu JH, Roncal C, Johnson RJ, Kang DH (2019) Uric acid induced the phenotype transition of vascular endothelial cells via induction of oxidative stress and glycocalyx shedding. Faseb J 33(12):13334–13345

Article  Google Scholar 

Kang DH (2018) Hyperuricemia and progression of chronic kidney disease: role of phenotype transition of renal tubular and endothelial cells. Contrib Nephrol 192:48–55

Article  Google Scholar 

Myllymäki J, Honkanen T, Syrjänen J, Helin H, Rantala I, Pasternack A, Mustonen J (2005) Uric acid correlates with the severity of histopathological parameters in IgA nephropathy. Nephrol Dial Transplant 20(1):89–95

Article  Google Scholar 

Duan SW, Chen D, Wu J, Liu SW, Zheng Y, Xie YS, Cai GY (2017) Correlation analysis of intrarenal arteriolar hyalinosis in IgA nephropathy with mild proteinuria and without hypertension. Chin J Kidney Dis Invest (Electronic Edition) 6(03):127–131

Google Scholar