Bertocchini F, Stern CD (2002) The hypoblast of the chick embryo positions the primitive streak by antagonizing nodal signaling. Dev Cell 3:735–744

CAS  PubMed  Article  Google Scholar 

Bertocchini F, Stern CD (2012) Gata2 provides an early anterior bias and uncovers a global positioning system for polarity in the amniote embryo. Development 139:4232–4238

CAS  PubMed  Article  Google Scholar 

Bertocchini F, Skromne I, Wolpert L, Stern CD (2004) Determination of embryonic polarity in a regulative system: evidence for endogenous inhibitors acting sequentially during primitive streak formation in the chick embryo. Development 131:3381–3390

CAS  PubMed  Article  Google Scholar 

Candia AF, Watabe T, Hawley SH, Onichtchouk D, Zhang Y, Derynck R, Niehrs C, Cho KW (1997) Cellular interpretation of multiple TGF-beta signals: intracellular antagonism between activin/BVg1 and BMP-2/4 signaling mediated by Smads. Development 124:4467–4480

CAS  PubMed  Article  Google Scholar 

Demagny H, De Robertis EM (2016) Point mutations in the tumor suppressor Smad4/DPC4 enhance its phosphorylation by GSK3 and reversibly inactivate TGF-beta signaling. Mol Cell Oncol 3:e1025181

PubMed  Article  Google Scholar 

Demagny H, Araki T, De Robertis EM (2014) The tumor suppressor Smad4/DPC4 is regulated by phosphorylations that integrate FGF, Wnt, and TGF-beta signaling. Cell Rep 9:688–700

CAS  PubMed  Article  Google Scholar 

Dickinson ME, Kobrin MS, Silan CM, Kingsley DM, Justice MJ, Miller DA, Ceci JD, Lock LF, Lee A, Buchberg AM et al (1990) Chromosomal localization of seven members of the murine TGF-beta superfamily suggests close linkage to several morphogenetic mutant loci. Genomics 6:505–520

CAS  PubMed  Article  Google Scholar 

Eyal-Giladi H, Kochav S (1976) From cleavage to primitive streak formation: a complementary normal table and a new look at the first stages of the development of the chick. I General Morphology Dev Biol 49:321–337

CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Favata MF, Horiuchi KY, Manos EJ, Daulerio AJ, Stradley DA, Feeser WS, Van Dyk DE, Pitts WJ, Earl RA, Hobbs F, Copeland RA, Magolda RL, Scherle PA, Trzaskos JM (1998) Identification of a novel inhibitor of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase. J Biol Chem 273:18623–18632

CAS  PubMed  Article  Google Scholar 

Foley AC, Skromne I, Stern CD (2000) Reconciling different models of forebrain induction and patterning: a dual role for the hypoblast. Development 127:3839–3854

CAS  PubMed  Article  Google Scholar 

Hamburger V, Hamilton HL (1951) A series of normal stages in the development of the chick embryo. J Morphol 88:49–92

CAS  PubMed  Article  Google Scholar 

Huang J, Mohammadi M, Rodrigues GA, Schlessinger J (1995) Reduced activation of RAF-1 and MAP kinase by a fibroblast growth factor receptor mutant deficient in stimulation of phosphatidylinositol hydrolysis. J Biol Chem 270:5065–5072

CAS  PubMed  Article  Google Scholar 

Karabagli H, Karabagli P, Ladher RK, Schoenwolf GC (2002) Comparison of the expression patterns of several fibroblast growth factors during chick gastrulation and neurulation. Anat Embryol (berl) 205:365–370

CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

Kispert A, Ortner H, Cooke J, Herrmann BG (1995) The chick Brachyury gene: developmental expression pattern and response to axial induction by localized activin. Dev Biol 168:406–415

CAS  PubMed  Article  Google Scholar 

Kouhara H, Hadari YR, Spivak-Kroizman T, Schilling J, Bar-Sagi D, Lax I, Schlessinger J (1997) A lipid-anchored Grb2-binding protein that links FGF-receptor activation to the Ras/MAPK signaling pathway. Cell 89:693–702

CAS  PubMed  Article  Google Scholar 

Lee HC, Lu HC, Turmaine M, Oliveira NMM, Yang Y, De Almeida I, Stern CD (2020) Molecular anatomy of the pre-primitive-streak chick embryo. Open Biol 10:190299

CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Article  Google Scholar 

Lee HC, Hastings C, Oliveira NMM, Perez-Carrasco R, Page KM, Wolpert L, Stern CD (2022) “Neighbourhood watch” model: embryonic epiblast cells assess positional information in relation to their neighbours. Development (2022) 149:dev200295. https://doi.org/10.1242/dev.200295

Mohammadi M, McMahon G, Sun L, Tang C, Hirth P, Yeh BK, Hubbard SR, Schlessinger J (1997) Structures of the tyrosine kinase domain of fibroblast growth factor receptor in complex with inhibitors. Science 276:955–960

CAS  PubMed  Article  Google Scholar 

New DAT (1955) A new technique for the cultivation of the chick embryo in vitro. J Embryol Exp Morph 3:326–331

Google Scholar 

Pannett CA, Compton A (1924) The cultivation of tissues in saline embryonic juice. Lancet 1:381–384

Article  Google Scholar 

Papanayotou C, De Almeida I, Liao P, Oliveira NM, Lu SQ, Kougioumtzidou E, Zhu L, Shaw A, Sheng G, Streit A, Yu D, Wah Soong T, Stern CD (2013) Calfacilitin is a calcium channel modulator essential for initiation of neural plate development. Nat Commun 4:1837

PubMed  Article  Google Scholar 

Pera EM, Ikeda A, Eivers E, De Robertis EM (2003) Integration of IGF, FGF, and anti-BMP signals via Smad1 phosphorylation in neural induction. Genes Dev 17:3023–3028

CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Article  Google Scholar 

Rothbacher U, Laurent MN, Deardorff MA, Klein PS, Cho KW, Fraser SE (2000) Dishevelled phosphorylation, subcellular localization and multimerization regulate its role in early embryogenesis. EMBO J 19:1010–1022

CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Article  Google Scholar 

Rozbicki E, Chuai M, Karjalainen AI, Song F, Sang HM, Martin R, Knolker HJ, MacDonald MP, Weijer CJ (2015) Myosin-II-mediated cell shape changes and cell intercalation contribute to primitive streak formation. Nat Cell Biol 17:397–408

CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Article  Google Scholar 

Seleiro EA, Connolly DJ, Cooke J (1996) Early developmental expression and experimental axis determination by the chicken Vg1 gene. Curr Biol 6:1476–1486

CAS  PubMed  Article  Google Scholar 

Shah SB, Skromne I, Hume CR, Kessler DS, Lee KJ, Stern CD, Dodd J (1997) Misexpression of chick Vg1 in the marginal zone induces primitive streak formation. Development 124:5127–5138

CAS  PubMed  Article  Google Scholar 

Skromne I, Stern CD (2001) Interactions between Wnt and Vg1 signalling pathways initiate primitive streak formation in the chick embryo. Development 128:2915–2927

CAS  PubMed  Article  Google Scholar 

Skromne I, Stern CD (2002) A hierarchy of gene expression accompanying induction of the primitive streak by Vg1 in the chick embryo. Mech Dev 114:115–118

CAS  PubMed  Article  Google Scholar 

Stern CD (1998) Detection of multiple gene products simultaneously by in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry in whole mounts of avian embryos. Curr Top Dev Biol 36:223–243

CAS  PubMed  Article  Google Scholar 

Stern CD, Downs KM (2012) The hypoblast (visceral endoderm): an evo-devo perspective. Development 139:1059–1069

CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Article  Google Scholar 

Stern CD, Ireland GW (1981) An integrated experimental study of endoderm formation in avian embryos. Anat Embryol 163:245–263

CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

Streit A, Stern CD (1999) Mesoderm patterning and somite formation during node regression: differential effects of chordin and noggin. Mech Dev 85:85–96

CAS  PubMed  Article  Google Scholar 

Streit A, Stern CD (2001) Combined whole-mount in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry in avian embryos. Methods 23:339–344

CAS  PubMed  Article  Google Scholar 

Streit A, Lee KJ, Woo I, Roberts C, Jessell TM, Stern CD (1998) Chordin regulates primitive streak development and the stability of induced neural cells, but is not sufficient for neural induction in the chick embryo. Development 125:507–519

CAS  PubMed  Article  Google Scholar 

Streit A, Berliner AJ, Papanayotou C, Sirulnik A, Stern CD (2000) Initiation of neural induction by FGF signalling before gastrulation. Nature 406:74–78

CAS  PubMed  Article  Google Scholar 

Voiculescu O, Bertocchini F, Wolpert L, Keller RE, Stern CD (2007) The amniote primitive streak is defined by epithelial cell intercalation before gastrulation. Nature 449:1049–1052

CAS  PubMed  Article  Google Scholar 

Voiculescu O, Bodenstein L, Lau IJ, Stern CD (2014) Local cell interactions and self-amplifying individual cell ingression drive amniote gastrulation. Elife 3:e01817

PubMed  PubMed Central  Article  Google Scholar