de Lau LM, Breteler MM. Epidemiology of Parkinson’s disease. Lancet Neurol. 2006;5:525–35.
Collaborators GBDPsD. Global, regional, and national burden of Parkinson’s disease, 1990–2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016. Lancet Neurol. 2018;17:939–53.
Kalia LV, Lang AE. Parkinson’s disease. Lancet. 2015;386:896–912.
CAS PubMed Article Google Scholar
Duncan GW, Khoo TK, Yarnall AJ, O’Brien JT, Coleman SY, Brooks DJ, Barker RA, Burn DJ. Health-related quality of life in early Parkinson’s disease: the impact of nonmotor symptoms. Mov Disord. 2014;29:195–202.
Goedert M, Spillantini MG, Del Tredici K, Braak H. 100 years of Lewy pathology. Nat Rev Neurol. 2013;9:13–24.
CAS PubMed Article Google Scholar
Adams-Carr KL, Bestwick JP, Shribman S, Lees A, Schrag A, Noyce AJ. Constipation preceding Parkinson’s disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2016;87:710–6.
Hawkes CH, Del Tredici K, Braak H. Parkinson’s disease: a dual-hit hypothesis. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol. 2007;33:599–614.
CAS PubMed PubMed Central Article Google Scholar
Arotcarena ML, Dovero S, Prigent A, Bourdenx M, Camus S, Porras G, Thiolat ML, Tasselli M, Aubert P, Kruse N, et al. Bidirectional gut-to-brain and brain-to-gut propagation of synucleinopathy in non-human primates. Brain. 2020;143:1462–75.
Kim S, Kwon SH, Kam TI, Panicker N, Karuppagounder SS, Lee S, Lee JH, Kim WR, Kook M, Foss CA, et al. Transneuronal propagation of pathologic alpha-synuclein from the gut to the brain models Parkinson’s disease. Neuron. 2019;103:627-641.e627.
CAS PubMed PubMed Central Article Google Scholar
Challis C, Hori A, Sampson TR, Yoo BB, Challis RC, Hamilton AM, Mazmanian SK, Volpicelli-Daley LA, Gradinaru V. Gut-seeded alpha-synuclein fibrils promote gut dysfunction and brain pathology specifically in aged mice. Nat Neurosci. 2020;23:327–36.
CAS PubMed PubMed Central Article Google Scholar
Manfredsson FP, Luk KC, Benskey MJ, Gezer A, Garcia J, Kuhn NC, Sandoval IM, Patterson JR, O’Mara A, Yonkers R, Kordower JH. Induction of alpha-synuclein pathology in the enteric nervous system of the rat and non-human primate results in gastrointestinal dysmotility and transient CNS pathology. Neurobiol Dis. 2018;112:106–18.
CAS PubMed PubMed Central Article Google Scholar
Luk KC, Kehm V, Carroll J, Zhang B, O’Brien P, Trojanowski JQ, Lee VM. Pathological alpha-synuclein transmission initiates Parkinson-like neurodegeneration in nontransgenic mice. Science. 2012;338:949–53.
CAS PubMed PubMed Central Article Google Scholar
Chu YT, Tai CH, Lin CH, Wu RM. Updates on the genetics of Parkinson’s disease: clinical implications and future treatment. Acta Neurol Taiwan. 2021;30(3):83–93.
Tran J, Anastacio H, Bardy C. Genetic predispositions of Parkinson’s disease revealed in patient-derived brain cells. NPJ Parkinson’s Dis. 2020;6:8.
Lee AJ, Wang Y, Alcalay RN, Mejia-Santana H, Saunders-Pullman R, Bressman S, Corvol JC, Brice A, Lesage S, Mangone G, et al. Penetrance estimate of LRRK2 p.G2019S mutation in individuals of non-Ashkenazi Jewish ancestry. Mov Disord. 2017;32:1432–8.
CAS PubMed PubMed Central Article Google Scholar
Chaudhuri KR, Schapira AH. Non-motor symptoms of Parkinson’s disease: dopaminergic pathophysiology and treatment. Lancet Neurol. 2009;8:464–74.
CAS PubMed Article Google Scholar
Berg D, Postuma RB, Adler CH, Bloem BR, Chan P, Dubois B, Gasser T, Goetz CG, Halliday G, Joseph L, et al. MDS research criteria for prodromal Parkinson’s disease. Mov Disord. 2015;30:1600–11.
Warnecke T, Schäfer KH, Claus I, Del Tredici K, Jost WH. Gastrointestinal involvement in Parkinson’s disease: pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management. NPJ Parkinsons Dis. 2022;8:31.
CAS PubMed PubMed Central Article Google Scholar
Abbott RD, Petrovitch H, White LR, Masaki KH, Tanner CM, Curb JD, Grandinetti A, Blanchette PL, Popper JS, Ross GW. Frequency of bowel movements and the future risk of Parkinson’s disease. Neurology. 2001;57:456–62.
CAS PubMed Article Google Scholar
Schrag A, Horsfall L, Walters K, Noyce A, Petersen I. Prediagnostic presentations of Parkinson’s disease in primary care: a case-control study. Lancet Neurol. 2015;14:57–64.
Noyce AJ, Bestwick JP, Silveira-Moriyama L, Hawkes CH, Giovannoni G, Lees AJ, Schrag A. Meta-analysis of early nonmotor features and risk factors for Parkinson disease. Ann Neurol. 2012;72:893–901.
CAS PubMed PubMed Central Article Google Scholar
Lin CH, Lin JW, Liu YC, Chang CH, Wu RM. Risk of Parkinson’s disease following severe constipation: a nationwide population-based cohort study. Parkinsonism Relat Disord. 2014;20:1371–5.
Savica R, Carlin JM, Grossardt BR, Bower JH, Ahlskog JE, Maraganore DM, Bharucha AE, Rocca WA. Medical records documentation of constipation preceding Parkinson disease: a case-control study. Neurology. 2009;73:1752–8.
CAS PubMed PubMed Central Article Google Scholar
Knudsen K, Krogh K, Østergaard K, Borghammer P. Constipation in Parkinson’s disease: subjective symptoms, objective markers, and new perspectives. Mov Disord. 2017;32:94–105.
Rolli-Derkinderen M, Leclair-Visonneau L, Bourreille A, Coron E, Neunlist M, Derkinderen P. Is Parkinson’s disease a chronic low-grade inflammatory bowel disease? J Neurol. 2019;267:2207–13.
Houser MC, Chang J, Factor SA, Molho ES, Zabetian CP, Hill-Burns EM, Payami H, Hertzberg VS, Tansey MG. Stool immune profiles evince gastrointestinal inflammation in Parkinson’s disease. Mov Disord. 2018;33:793–804.
CAS PubMed PubMed Central Article Google Scholar
Schwiertz A, Spiegel J, Dillmann U, Grundmann D, Bürmann J, Faßbender K, Schäfer K-H, Unger MM. Fecal markers of intestinal inflammation and intestinal permeability are elevated in Parkinson’s disease. Parkinsonism Relat Disord. 2018;50:104–7.
Devos D, Lebouvier T, Lardeux B, Biraud M, Rouaud T, Pouclet H, Coron E, Bruley des Varannes S, Naveilhan P, Nguyen J-M, et al. Colonic inflammation in Parkinson’s disease. Neurobiol Dis. 2013;50:42–8.
CAS PubMed Article Google Scholar
Villumsen M, Aznar S, Pakkenberg B, Jess T, Brudek T. Inflammatory bowel disease increases the risk of Parkinson’s disease: a Danish nationwide cohort study 1977–2014. Gut. 2019;68:18–24.
CAS PubMed Article Google Scholar
Zhu F, Li C, Gong J, Zhu W, Gu L, Li N. The risk of Parkinson’s disease in inflammatory bowel disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Dig Liver Dis. 2019;51:38–42.
Peter I, Dubinsky M, Bressman S, Park A, Lu C, Chen N, Wang A. Anti-tumor necrosis factor therapy and incidence of Parkinson disease among patients with inflammatory bowel disease. JAMA Neurol. 2018;75:939–46.
PubMed PubMed Central Article Google Scholar
Holmqvist S, Chutna O, Bousset L, Aldrin-Kirk P, Li W, Bjorklund T, Wang ZY, Roybon L, Melki R, Li JY. Direct evidence of Parkinson pathology spread from the gastrointestinal tract to the brain in rats. Acta Neuropathol. 2014;128:805–20.
Zeisel A, Hochgerner H, Lonnerberg P, Johnsson A, Memic F, van der Zwan J, Haring M, Braun E, Borm LE, La Manno G, et al. Molecular architecture of the mouse nervous system. Cell. 2018;174:999-1014.e1022.
CAS PubMed PubMed Central Article Google Scholar
Bohorquez DV, Liddle RA. The gut connectome: making sense of what you eat. J Clin Invest. 2015;125:888–90.
PubMed PubMed Central Article Google Scholar
Carabotti M, Scirocco A, Maselli MA, Severi C. The gut–brain axis: interactions between enteric microbiota, central and enteric nervous systems. Ann Gastroenterol. 2015;28:203–9.
PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Braak H, de Vos RA, Bohl J, Del Tredici K. Gastric alpha-synuclein immunoreactive inclusions in Meissner’s and Auerbach’s plexuses in cases staged for Parkinson’s disease-related brain pathology. Neurosci Lett. 2006;396:67–72.
CAS PubMed Article Google Scholar
Hilton D, Stephens M, Kirk L, Edwards P, Potter R, Zajicek J, Broughton E, Hagan H, Carroll C. Accumulation of α-synuclein in the bowel of patients in the pre-clinical phase of Parkinson’s disease. Acta Neuropathol. 2014;127:235–41.
CAS PubMed Article Google Scholar
Shannon KM, Keshavarzian A, Dodiya HB, Jakate S, Kordower JH. Is alpha-synuclein in the colon a biomarker for premotor Parkinson’s disease? Evidence from 3 cases. Mov Disord. 2012;27:716–9.
留言 (0)