From the ∗Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, New York, University, New York, NY

†Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL

‡Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, MD

§Black AIDS Institute, Los Angeles, CA

¶Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD

∥Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada

∗∗The Fenway Institute, and Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA

Conflict of Interest and Sources of Funding: This research uses data from the HIV Prevention Trials Network 061 (HPTN 061) study. HPTN 061 grant support was provided by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institute on Drug Abuse, and National Institute of Mental Health: Cooperative Agreements UM1 AI068619, UM1 AI068617, and UM1 AI068613. Additional site funding included Fenway Institute Clinical Research Site (CRS): Harvard University CFAR (P30 AI060354) and CTU for HIV Prevention and Microbicide Research (UM1 AI069480); George Washington University CRS: District of Columbia Developmental CFAR (P30 AI087714); Harlem Prevention Center CRS and NY Blood Center/Union Square CRS: Columbia University CTU (5U01 AI069466) and ARRA funding (3U01 AI069466-03S1); Hope Clinic of the Emory Vaccine Center CRS and The Ponce de Leon Center CRS: Emory University HIV/AIDS CTU (5U01 AI069418), CFAR (P30 AI050409), and CTSA (UL1 RR025008); San Francisco Vaccine and Prevention CRS: ARRA funding (3U01 AI069496-03S1, 3U01 AI069496-03S2); and UCLA Vine Street CRS: UCLA Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases CTU (U01 AI069424).

This research was supported by the National Institute on Drug Abuse grant “Stop-and-Frisk, Arrest, and Incarceration and STI/HIV Risk in Minority MSM” (principal investigator: M.R.K.; R01DA044037). M.R.K., C.M.C., and J.D.S. received support from the New York University Center for Drug Use and HIV Research (P30 DA011041). M.R.K. additionally was supported by the New York University–City University of New York Prevention Research Center (U48 DP005008). T.V.D. and R.E.T. were supported by the University of Maryland Prevention Research Center (U48 DP006382). R.B. was supported by a grant from the National Institute on Drug Abuse (P30DA027828-08S1).

This article is a product of the authors and has not been reviewed by and does not necessarily represent the views of the HPTN or the study sponsor/funders.

Correspondence: Maria Rabia Khan, PhD, MPH, Division of Comparative Effectiveness and Decision Science, Department of Population Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, 227 East 30th St, Room 614, New York, NY 10016. E-mail: [email protected].

Received for publication April 22, 2021, and accepted November 21, 2021.

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