1. Winnicka, L, Shenoy, MA. EVALI and the pulmonary toxicity of electronic cigarettes: a review. J Gen Intern Med. 2020;35(7):2130-2135.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline2. Harrill, WC. Vaping during the COVID-19 pandemic: NOT GOOD!! Laryngoscope Investig Otolaryngol. 2020;5(3):399-400.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline3. Creamer, MR, Everett Jones, S, Gentzke, AS, Jamal, A, King, BA, Tobacco product use among high school students - youth risk behavior survey, United States, 2019. MMWR Suppl. 2020;69(Suppl 1):56-63.
Google Scholar | Crossref4. McAlinden, KD, Eapen, MS, Lu, W, Sharma, P, Sohal, SS. The rise of electronic nicotine delivery systems and the emergence of electronic-cigarette-driven disease. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol. 2020;319(4):L585-l595.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline5. Pitlick, MM, Lang, DK, Meehan, AM, McCoy, CP. EVALI: a mimicker of COVID-19. Mayo Clin Proc Innov Qual Outcomes. 2021;5:682-687.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline6. Kazachkov, M, Pirzada, M. Diagnosis of EVALI in the COVID-19 era. Lancet Respir Med. 2020;8(12):1169-1170.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline7. Darmawan, DO, Gwal, K, Goudy, BD, Jhawar, S, Nandalike, K. Vaping in today’s pandemic: E-cigarette, or vaping, product use-associated lung injury mimicking COVID-19 in teenagers presenting with respiratory distress. SAGE Open Med Case Rep. 2020;8:2050313x20969590.
Google Scholar | Medline8. Marques, P, Piqueras, L, Sanz, MJ. An updated overview of e-cigarette impact on human health. Respir Res. 2021;22(1):151.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline9. Kale, D, Herbec, A, Perski, O, Jackson, SE, Brown, J, Shahab, L. Associations between vaping and covid-19: cross-sectional findings from the HEBECO study. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2021;221:108590.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline10. Majmundar, A, Allem, JP, Cruz, TB, Unger, JB. Public health concerns and unsubstantiated claims at the intersection of vaping and COVID-19. Nicotine Tob Res. 2020;22(9):1667-1668.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline11. Axelsson, GT, Eythorsson, ES, Hardardottir, H, Gudmundsson, G, Hansdottir, S. [The impact of lung diseases, smoking and e-cigarette use on the severity of COVID-19 illness at diagnosis]. Laeknabladid. 2020;106(12):574-579.
Google Scholar | Medline12. Pino, LE, Triana, I, Pérez, C, et al. Electronic nicotine delivery systems (ECs) and COVID-19: the perfect storm for young consumers. Clin Transl Oncol. 2021;23(1):5-9.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline13. Gaiha, SM, Cheng, J, Halpern-Felsher, B. Association between youth smoking, electronic cigarette use, and COVID-19. J Adolesc Health. 2020;67(4):519-523.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline14. Jose, T, Croghan, IT, Hays, JT, Schroeder, DR, Warner, DO. Electronic cigarette use is not associated with COVID-19 diagnosis. J Prim Care Community Health. 2021;12:21501327211024391.
Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI15. Camacho, OM, Murphy, JJ. In response to “Association Between Youth Smoking, Electronic Cigarette Use, and COVID-19”. J Adolesc Health. 2021;68(1):214.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline16. Farsalinos, K, Niaura, R. E-Cigarette use and COVID-19: questioning data reliability. J Adolesc Health. 2021;68(1):213.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline17. Sifat, AE, Nozohouri, S, Villalba, H, Vaidya, B, Abbruscato, TJ. The role of smoking and nicotine in the transmission and pathogenesis of COVID-19. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2020;375(3):498-509.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline18. Lallai, V, Manca, L, Fowler, CD. E-cigarette vape and lung ACE2 expression: implications for coronavirus vulnerability. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol. 2021;86:103656.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline19. Chen, DT, Kyriakos, CN. Cigarette and E-cigarettes dual users, exclusive users and COVID-19: findings from four UK birth cohort studies. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021;18(8):3935.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline20. Harris, PA, Taylor, R, Thielke, R, Payne, J, Gonzalez, N, Conde, JG. Research electronic data capture (REDCap)—A metadata-driven methodology and workflow process for providing translational research informatics support. J Biomed Inform. 2009;42(2):377-381.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI21. Consort: Transparent Reporting of Trials . Accessed August 15, 2016. www.consort-statement.org/consort-statement/flow-diagram
Google Scholar22. Callahan, SJ, Harris, D, Collingridge, DS, et al. Diagnosing EVALI in the time of COVID-19. Chest. 2020;158(5):2034-2037.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline23. Habashi, NM, Camporota, L, Gatto, LA, Nieman, G. Functional pathophysiology of SARS-CoV-2-induced acute lung injury and clinical implications. J Appl Physiol. 2021;130(3):877-891.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline24. Naidu, V, Zeki, AA, Sharma, P. Sex differences in the induction of angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE-2) in mouse lungs after e-cigarette vapor exposure and its relevance to COVID-19. J Investig Med. 2021;69(5):954-961.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline25. Purkayastha, A, Sen, C, Garcia, G, et al. Direct exposure to SARS-CoV-2 and cigarette smoke increases infection severity and alters the stem cell-derived airway repair response. Cell Stem Cell. 2020;27(6):869-875.e4.
Google Scholar | Crossref26. Ahn, JH, Kim, J, Hong, SP, et al. Nasal ciliated cells are primary targets for SARS-CoV-2 replication in the early stage of COVID-19. J Clin Investig. 2021;131(13):e148517.
Google Scholar | Crossref27. Zhao, Y, Qin, L, Zhang, P, et al. Longitudinal COVID-19 profiling associates IL-1RA and IL-10 with disease severity and RANTES with mild disease. JCI Insight. 2020;5(13):e139834.
Google Scholar | Crossref28. Cummings, MJ, Baldwin, MR, Abrams, D, et al. Epidemiology, clinical course, and outcomes of critically ill adults with COVID-19 in New York City: a prospective cohort study. Lancet. 2020;395(10239):1763-1770.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline29. Bösmüller, H, Matter, M, Fend, F, Tzankov, A. The pulmonary pathology of COVID-19. Virchows Arch. 2021;478(1):137-150.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline30. Katsura, H, Sontake, V, Tata, A, et al. Human lung stem cell-based alveolospheres provide insights into SARS-CoV-2-mediated interferon responses and pneumocyte dysfunction. Cell Stem Cell. 2020;27(6):890-904.e8.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline31. Gustine, JN, Jones, D. Immunopathology of hyperinflammation in COVID-19. Am J Pathol. 2021;191(1):4-17.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline