1. Hirai, AH, Kogan, MD, Kandasamy, V, Reuland, C, Bethell, C. Prevalence and variation of developmental screening and surveillance in early childhood. JAMA Pediatr. 2018;172(9):857-866. doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2018.1524
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline2. Lipkin, PH, Macias, MM; AAP Council on Children with Disabilities, Section on Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics. Promoting optimal development: identifying infants and young children with developmental disorders through developmental surveillance and screening. Pediatrics. 2020;145(1):e20193449.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline3. National Institute for Children’s Health Quality . Strengthening the developmental screening process. Accessed December 30, 2021. https://www.nichq.org/insight/strengthening-developmental-screening-process
Google Scholar4. Council on Children With Disabilities . Identifying infants and young children with developmental disorders in the medical home: an algorithm for developmental surveillance and screening. Pediatrics. 2006;118(1):405-420. doi:10.1542/peds.2006-1231
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline5. Courtlandt, CD, Noonan, L, Feld, LG. Model for improvement - part 1: a framework for health care quality. Pediatr Clin North Am. 2009;56(4):757-778. doi:10.1016/j.pcl.2009.06.002
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline6. Talmi, A, Bunik, M, Asherin, R, et al. Improving developmental screening documentation and referral completion. Pediatrics. 2014;134(4):e1181-e1188. doi:10.1542/peds.2012-1151
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline7. Berry, AD, Garzon, DL, Mack, P, Kanwischer, KZ, Beck, DG. Implementing an early childhood developmental screening and surveillance program in primary care settings: lessons learned from a project in Illinois. J Pediatr Health Care. 2014;28(6):516-525. doi:10.1016/j.pedhc.2014.04.008
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline8. Earls, MF, Hay, SS. Setting the stage for success: implementation of developmental and behavioral screening and surveillance in primary care practice-the North Carolina Assuring Better Child Health and Development (ABCD) project. Pediatrics. 2006;118(1):e183-e188. doi:10.1542/peds.2006-0475
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI9. King, TM, Tandon, SD, Macias, MM, et al. Implementing developmental screening and referrals: lessons learned from a national project. Pediatrics. 2010;125(2):350-360. doi:10.1542/peds.2009-0388
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI10. National Quality Forum . Measure evaluation 4.1: Developmental screening in the first 3 years of life. NQF #1448. 2009.
Google Scholar11. Lannon, CM, Flower, K, Duncan, P, Moore, KS, Stuart, J, Bassewitz, J. The bright futures training intervention project: implementing systems to support preventive and developmental services in practice. Pediatrics. 2008;122(1):e163-e171. doi:10.1542/peds.2007-2700
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline12. Malik, F, Booker, JM, Brown, S, McClain, C, McGrath, J. Improving developmental screening among pediatricians in New Mexico: findings from the developmental screening initiative. Clin Pediatr. 2014;53(6):531-538. doi:10.1177/0009922814527499
Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI13. Morelli, DL, Pati, S, Butler, A, et al. Challenges to implementation of developmental screening in urban primary care: a mixed methods study. BMC Pediatr. 2014;14(1):16. doi:10.1186/1471-2431-14-16
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline14. Schonwald, A, Huntington, N, Chan, E, Risko, W, Bridgemohan, C. Routine developmental screening implemented in urban primary care settings: more evidence of feasibility and effectiveness. Pediatrics. 2009;123(2):660-668. doi:10.1542/peds.2007-2798
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline15. Flower, KB, Massie, S, Janies, K, et al. Increasing early childhood screening in primary care through a quality improvement collaborative. Pediatrics. 2020;146(3):e20102328. doi:10.1542/peds.2019-2328
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline16. Lipkin, PH, Macias, MM, Baer Chen, B, et al. Trends in pediatricians’ developmental screening: 2002-2016. Pediatrics. 2020;145(4):e20190851.
Google Scholar | Crossref17. Ndugga, N, Artiga, S. Kaiser Family Foundation. Disparities in health and health care: 5 key questions and answers. 2021. Accessed December 30, 2021. https://www.kff.org/racial-equity-and-health-policy/issue-brief/disparities-in-health-and-health-care-5-key-question-and-answers/
Google Scholar18. Simpson, GA, Colpe, L, Greenspan, S. Measuring functional developmental delay in infants and young children: prevalence rates from the NHIS-D. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol. 2003;17(1):68-80. doi:10.1046/j.1365-3016.2003.00459.x
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI19. Bright, MA, Zubler, J, Boothby, C, Whitaker, TM. Improving developmental screening, discussion, and referral in pediatric practice. Clin Pediatr. 2019;58(9):941-948. doi:10.1177/0009922819841017
Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI20. Rosenberg, SA, Zhang, D, Robinson, CC. Prevalence of developmental delays and participation in early intervention services for young children. Pediatrics. 2008;121(6):e1503-e1509. doi:10.1542/peds.2007-1680
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI21. National Research Council (US) and Institute of Medicine (US) Committee on Children, Health Insurance, and Access to Care, Edmunds M, Coye MJ, editors . America’s Children: Health Insurance and Access to Care. National Academies Press; 1998. Accessed December 30, 2021. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK230385/
Google Scholar22. Acevedo-Garcia, D, Noelke, C, McArdle, N. The geography of child opportunity: why neighborhoods matter for equity: first findings from the Child Opportunity Index 2.0. diversitydatakids.org and Brandeis. http://diversitydatakids.org/sites/default/files/file/ddk_the-geography-of-child-opportunity_2020v2.pdf
Google Scholar23. Zuckerman, KE, Mattox, KM, Sinche, BK, Blaschke, GS, Bethell, C. Racial, ethnic, and language disparities in early childhood developmental/behavioral evaluations: a narrative review. Clin Pediatr. 2014;53(7):619-631. doi:10.1177/0009922813501378
Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI24. Morsy, L, Rothstein, R. Toxic Stress and Children’s Outcomes. Economic Policy Institute; 2019. Accessed December 30, 2021. https://www.epi.org/publication/toxic-stress-and-childrens-outcomes-african-american-children-growing-up-poor-are-at-greater-risk-of-disrupted-physiological-functioning-and-depressed-academic-achievement/
Google Scholar25. Khetani, MA, Richardson, Z, McManus, BM. Social disparities in early intervention service use and provider-reported outcomes. J Dev Behav Pediatr. 2017;38(7):501-509.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline26. Barger, B, Rice, C, Simmons, CA, Wolf, R. A systematic review of part C early identification studies. Topics Early Child Spec Educ. 2018;38(1):4-16. doi:10.1177/0271121416678664
Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI27. King County Best Starts for Kids and Cardea . Prenatal to five developmental screening, referral, and connection to services in King County. Accessed December 30, 2021. https://kingcounty.gov/~/media/depts/community-human-services/best-starts-kids/documents/Developmental_Screening_Connection_Full_Report.ashx?la=en
Google Scholar28. Council on Community Pediatrics . Poverty and child health in the United States. Pediatrics. 2016;137(4):e20160339.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline29. Knitzer, J, Lefkowitz, J. Pathways to Early School Success: Helping the Most Vulnerable Infants, Toddlers, and Their Families. National Center for Children in Poverty; 2006. Accessed December 30, 2021. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED522729.pdf
Google Scholar30. Leininger, L, Levy, H. Child health and access to medical care. Future Child. 2015;25(1):65-90. doi:10.1353/foc.2015.0003
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline