Introduction

The association between diet and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) might be mediated by inflammatory properties of the diet. The study aimed to investigate the relationships between Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) with odds of PCOS among adult population.

Methods

In the Hospital-based case-control study, 203 patients with PCOS and 291 non PCOS controls were enrolled. DII was calculated via a validated 147-item quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Thirty-six macro and micro nutrients were extracted from FFQ and used to calculate DII. Employing a case-control design, odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were obtained, with a dose-response effect confirmed by the test for trend (P for trend).

Results

The mean ± SD age and BMI of the study participants were 29.67± 5.92 years and 24.51± 4.71 kg/m2, respectively. Compared with controls subjects, PCOS patients had significantly higher weight, BMI, and waist circumferences (WC), but had lower physical activity. PCOS subjects had higher intakes of carbohydrate, cholesterol, and refined grains, but lower intakes of Poly-unsaturated fatty acids, fiber, vitamin B12, vitamin D and dairy as compared to controls. Compared with participants in the lowest quartile of DII, those in the highest quartile had a significantly higher OR for PCOS after further adjustment for potential confounders (OR = 1.75, 95% CI 0.95 – 3.22).

Conclusion

Our data suggest that high DII was associated with an increased odds of PCOS diagnosis. Prospective dietary intervention studies and observational prospective cohorts are required to confirm these findings.

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