Kaur R, Gulati M, Singh SK. Role of synbiotics in polysaccharide assisted colon targeted microspheres of mesalamine for the treatment of ulcerative colitis. Int J Biol Macromol. 2016;11:1–42.
2.Izzo R, Bevivino G, Monteleone G, Izzo R, Bevivino G, Monteleone G. Tofacitinib for the treatment of ulcerative colitis. Expert Opin Investig Drugs. 2016:1–21.
3.Centre N. Clinical guideline. Ulcerative colitis : Management in adults, children and young people. In: Clinical guideline: methods, evidence and recommendations. London: National institute for health and care excellence (NICE); 2013. p. 1–297.
4.César B, Lyra AC, Rocha R, Santana GO. Epidemiology, demographic characteristics and prognostic predictors of ulcerative colitis. World J Gastroenterol. 2014;20(28):9458–67.
5.Baumgart DC. In: Colitis UD c. B, editor. Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis; from epidemiology and immunobiology to a rational diagnostic and therapeutic approach. Berlin: Springer Netherlands; 2012. p. 1–741.
6.Peirce CB, Kalady MF. Ulcerative proctitis and anorectal Crohn’s disease. Fundam Anorectal Surg. 2019;29:531–54.
7.Gajendran M, Loganathan P, Jimenez G, Catinella AP, Ng N, Umapathy C, et al. A comprehensive review and update on ulcerative colitis. Disease-a-Month. 2019;11:1–37.
8.Kameyama H, Nagahashi M, Shimada Y, Tajima Y, Ichikawa H. Genomic characterization of colitis- associated colorectal cancer. World J Surg Oncol. 2018;16:1–6.
9.Chandy G, Kurian G, Kurian S, Mathan M, Mathan VI, Patra S, et al. Risk of colorectal cancer in ulcerative colitis in India. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2005;20:705–9.
10.Lakatos PL, Lakatos L. Ulcerative proctitis: a review of pharmacotherapy. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2008;9:741–50.
11.Morgado GC, Mancilla GP. Ulcerative proctitis. In: Ulcerative colitis – epidemiology, pathogenesis and complications. London: IntechOpen; 2011. p. 197–206.
12.Regueiro M, Loftus EV, Steinhart AH, Cohen RD. Clinical guidelines for the medical management of summary statement. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2006;12:972–8.
13.Bokemeyer B, Hommes D, Gill I, Broberg P, Dignass A. Mesalazine in left-sided ulcerative colitis: efficacy analyses from the PODIUM trial on maintenance of remission and mucosal healing. J Crohn's Colitis. 2012;6:476–82.
14.Ghosh S, Shand A, Ferguson A. Clinical review - regular review ulcerative colitis. Br Med J. 2000;320:1119–23.
15.Bjerrum JT, Nielsen OH, Pittet V, Mueller C, Rogler G, Olsen J. Transcriptional analysis of left-sided colitis, pancolitis, and ulcerative colitis-associated dysplasia. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2014;20:2340–52.
16.Bürger M, Schmidt C, Teich N, Stallmach A. Medical therapy of active ulcerative colitis. Visz Gastrointest Med Surg. 2015;31:236–45.
17.Nasseri-moghaddam S. Inflammatory bowel disease. Middle east J Dig Dis. 2012;4:77–89.
PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
18.Freeman HJ. Inflammatory bowel disease with cytoplasmic-staining antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody and extensive colitis. Can J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 1998;12:279–83.
19.Koutroubakis IE. Recent advances in the management of distal ulcerative colitis. World J Gastrointest Pharmacol Ther. 2010;1:43–50.
PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
20.Conrad K, Roggenbuck D, Laass MW. Diagnosis and classification of ulcerative colitis. J Autoimmun. 2014;13:49–52.
21.Kuester D, Dalicho S, Mo K, Benedix F, Lippert H, Guenther T, et al. Synchronous multifocal colorectal carcinoma in a patient with delayed diagnosis of ulcerative pancolitis. Pathol Res Pract. 2008;204:905–10.
22.Teixeira FV, Hosne RS, Sobrado CW. Coloproctology systematic review of management of ulcerative colitis: a clinical update. J Coloproctol. 2015:1–8.
23.Pastorelli L, Pizarro TT, Cominelli F, Disease L, Unit GE, Milanese SD. Emerging drugs for the treatment of ulcerative colitis. Expert Opin Emerg Drugs. 2015;14:505–21.
24.Arora S, Malik TA. Inflammatory bowel disease: epidemiology. In: New insights into inflammatory bowel disease. London: IntechOpen; 2016. p. 1–20.
25.Nguyen GC, Chong CA, Chong RY. National estimates of the burden of inflammatory bowel disease among racial and ethnic groups in the United States. J Crohn's Colitis. 2014;8:288–95.
26.Finlay DG, Basu D, Sellin JH. Effect of race and ethnicity on perceptions of inflammatory bowel disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2006;12:503–7.
27.Kaplan GG. IBD: global variations in environmental risk factors for IBD. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2014;12:708–9.
28.Roberts-Thomson IC, Bryant RV, Costello SP. Uncovering the cause of ulcerative colitis. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2019;3:274–6.
29.Molodecky NA. Environmental risk factors for inflammatory bowel disease. Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2010;6:339–46.
30.Abegunde AT, Muhammad BH, Bhatti O, Ali T. Environmental risk factors in inflammatory bowel diseases: evidence based environmental risk factors for inflammatory bowel diseases: evidence based literature review. World J Gastroenterol. 2016;22:6296–317.
CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
31.Owczarek D, Rodacki T, Domagała-rodacka R, Cibor D, Mach T, Owczarek D, et al. Diet and nutritional factors in inflammatory bowel diseases. World J Gastroenterol. 2016;22:895–905.
CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
32.Monif GR. Is ulcerative colitis a disease of a dysfunctional microbiota? Med Hypotheses. 2019;131:109300–2.
33.Massimo Campieri PG. Bacteria as a cause of ulcerative colitis. Gut J. 2001;48:132–5.
34.Hawrelak JA, Hons B, Myers SP. The causes of intestinal dysbiosis: a review. Altern Med Rev. 2004;9:180–97.
35.Loftus WV. Clinical epidemiology of inflammatory bowel disease: incidence, prevalence, and environmental influences. Gastroenterology. 2004;126:1504–17.
36.Kaplan GG, Pedersen BV, Andersson RE, Sands BE, Korzenik J. The risk of developing Crohn’s disease after an appendectomy: a population-based cohort study in Sweden and Denmark. Gut J. 2007;56:1387–92.
37.Gl R, Je E, Dm P, Pandeya N, Hospital RB. A role for the appendix in inflammatory bowel disease? Gastroenterology. 2002;125:1270–2.
38.Zuo T, Kamm MA, Colombel J-F, Ng SC. Urbanization and the gut microbiota in health and inflammatory bowel disease. Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2018;7:440–52.
39.Koutroubakis IE, Vlachonikolis IG, Kouroumalis EA. Role of appendicitis and appendectomy in the pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis: a critical review. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2002;8:277–86.
40.Hart AL, Hendy P. The microbiome in inflammatory bowel disease and its modulation as a therapeutic manoeuvre. Proc Nutr Soc. 2014;73:452–6.
41.Knights D, Lassen KG, Xavier RJ. Advances in inflammatory bowel disease pathogenesis: linking host genetics and the microbiome. Gut. 2013;62:1505–10.
42.Takeshita K, Mizuno S, Mikami Y, Sujino T, Saigusa K, Matsuoka K, et al. A single species of Clostridium subcluster XIVa decreased in ulcerative colitis patients. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2016;22:2802–10.
43.Hill DA, Artis D. Intestinal bacteria and the regulation of immune cell homeostasis. Annu Rev Immunol. 2009;28:623–67.
44.Bajer L, Kverka M, Kostovcik M, Macinga P, Dvorak J, Stehlikova Z, et al. Distinct gut microbiota profiles in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis and ulcerative colitis. World J Gastroenterol. 2017;23:45–8.
45.Machiels K, Joossens M, Sabino J, De Preter V, Arijs I, Eeckhaut V, et al. A decrease of the butyrate-producing species Roseburia hominis and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii defines dysbiosis in patients with ulcerative colitis. Gut. 2014;63(8):1275–83.
46.Somineni HK, Kugathasan S. The microbiome in patients with inflammatory diseases. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2019;17(2):243–55.
47.Pierce ES. Ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease: is Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis the common villain? Gut Pathog. 2010;2:1–11.
48.Becker C, Neurath MF, Wirtz S. The intestinal microbiota in inflammatory bowel disease. ILAR J. 2015;56:192–204.
49.Strauss J, Kaplan GG, Beck PL, Rioux K, Panaccione R, DeVinney R, et al. Invasive potential of gut mucosa-derived Fusobacterium nucleatum positively correlates with IBD status of the host. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2011;17:1971–8.
50.Atarashi K, Suda W, Luo C, Kawaguchi T, Motoo I, Narushima S, et al. Ectopic colonization of oral bacteria in the intestine drives TH1 cell induction and inflammation. Science. 2017;358:359–65.
CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
51.Hall AB, Yassour M, Sauk J, Garner A, Jiang X, Arthur T, et al. A novel Ruminococcus gnavus clade enriched in inflammatory bowel disease patients. Genome Med. 2017;9:1–12.
52.Lloyd-Price J, Mahurkar A, Rahnavard G, Crabtree J, Orvis J, Hall AB, et al. Strains, functions and dynamics in the expanded Human Microbiome Project. Nature. 2017;550:61–6.
CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
53.Schirmer M, Denson L, Vlamakis H, Franzosa EA, Thomas S, Gotman NM, et al. Compositional and temporal changes in the gut microbiome of pediatric ulcerative colitis patients are linked to disease course. Cell Host Microbe. 2018;24:600–10.
CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
54.Moayyedi P, Surette MG, Kim PT, Libertucci J, Wolfe M, Onischi C, et al. Fecal microbiota transplantation induces remission in patients with active ulcerative colitis in a randomized controlled trial. Gastroenterology. 2015;149:102–9.
55.Paramsothy S, Kamm MA, Kaakoush NO, Walsh AJ, van den Bogaerde J, Samuel D, et al. Multidonor intensive faecal microbiota transplantation for active ulcerative colitis: a randomised placebo-controlled trial. Lancet. 2017;389:1218–28.
56.Smits LP, Bouter KEC, de Vos WM, Borody TJ, Nieuwdorp M. Therapeutic potential of fecal microbiota transplantation. Gastroenterology. 2013;145:946–53.
57.Yang YX, Chen X, Gan HT. Toll-like receptor 2 regulates intestinal inflammation by controlling integrity of the enteric nervous system: why were TLR3’s roles not tested? Gastroenterology. 2014;146:1428.
留言 (0)