Dai Z-Z, Zhang Z-Q, Ding J, Wu Z-K, Yang X, Zhang Z-M, et al. Analysis of risk factors for complications after femoral neck fracture in pediatric patients. J Orthop Surg Res. 2020;15:58.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Barreto Rocha DF, Horwitz DS, Sintenie JB. Femoral neck fractures in children: issues, challenges, and solutions. J Orthop Trauma 2019; 33. https://journals.lww.com/jorthotrauma/Fulltext/2019/12008/Femoral_Neck_Fractures_in_Children__Issues,.6.aspx

Delbet MP. Fractures du col de femur. Bull Mem Soc Chir. 1907;35:387–9.

Google Scholar 

Joeris A, Lutz N, Blumenthal A, Slongo T, Audigé L. The AO pediatric comprehensive classification of long bone fractures (PCCF). Acta Orthop. 2017;88:129–32.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Baysal Ö, Eceviz E, Bulut G, Bekler Hİ. Early prediction of outcomes in hip fractures: initial fracture displacement. J Pediatr Orthop B. 2016;25:228–33.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Spence D, DiMauro J-P, Miller PE, Glotzbecker MP, Hedequist DJ, Shore BJ. Osteonecrosis after femoral neck fractures in children and adolescents: analysis of risk factors. J Pediatr Orthop. 2016;36:111–6.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Patterson JT, Tangtiphaiboontana J, Pandya NK. Management of pediatric femoral neck fracture. J Am Acad Orthop Surg 2018;26. https://journals.lww.com/jaaos/Fulltext/2018/06150/Management_of_Pediatric_Femoral_Neck_Fracture.1.aspx

Abdel-Wahed M, Elmahdy Ismail M, Galal AA, Elsary AY, Abdel-Ghani H, Yasin E. Open versus closed reduction and internal fixation in children with femoral neck fractures. Systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature. J Orthop. 2024;51:157–62.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Yerli M, Ocak O, Yüce A, Bayraktar TO, Kir MÇ, İmren Y, et al. Retrospective analysis of 35 pediatric femoral neck fractures. Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol. 2022;32:1385–90.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Chen Y, Zhang X, Guo H, Liu N, Ren J, Lu C. Poor outcomes of children and adolescents with femoral neck fractures: a meta-analysis based on clinical studies. Orthop Surg. 2020;12:639–44.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Yeranosian M, Horneff JG, Baldwin K, Hosalkar HS. Factors affecting the outcome of fractures of the femoral neck in children and adolescents: a systematic review. Bone Joint J. 2013;95-B:135–42.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Xin P, Li Z, Pei S, Shi Q, Xiao L. The incidence and risk factors for femoral head necrosis after femoral neck fracture in pediatric patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Orthop Surg Res. 2023;18:22.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Moon ES, Mehlman CT. Risk factors for avascular necrosis after femoral neck fractures in children: 25 Cincinnati cases and meta-analysis of 360 cases. J Orthop Trauma. 2006;20:323–9.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Wang W, Li Y, Guo Y, Li M, Mei H, Shao J, et al. Initial displacement as a risk factor for avascular necrosis of the femoral head in pediatric femoral neck fractures: a review of one hundred eight cases. Int Orthop. 2020;44:129–39.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Li Y, Sun D, Wang K, Liu J, Wang Z, Liu Y. Postoperative avascular necrosis of the femoral head in pediatric femoral neck fractures. PLoS ONE. 2022;17: e0268058.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Wang WT, Li YQ, Guo YM, Li M, Mei HB, Shao JF, et al. Risk factors for the development of avascular necrosis after femoral neck fractures in children: a review of 239 cases. Bone Joint J. 2019;101-B:1160–7.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Bukva B, Abramović D, Vrgoč G, Marinović M, Bakota B, Dučić S, et al. Femoral neck fractures in children and the role of early hip decompression in final outcome. Injury. 2015;46(Suppl 6):S44–7.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Stone JD, Hill MK, Pan Z, Novais EN. Open reduction of pediatric femoral neck fractures reduces osteonecrosis risk. Orthopedics. 2015;38:e983–90.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kazley JM, Banerjee S, Abousayed MM, Rosenbaum AJ. Classifications in brief: garden classification of femoral neck fractures. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2018;476:441–5.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Haidukewych GJ, Rothwell WS, Jacofsky DJ, Torchia ME, Berry DJ. Operative treatment of femoral neck fractures in patients between the ages of fifteen and fifty years. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2004;86:1711–6.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Dhar SA, Ali MF, Dar TA, Sultan A, Butt MF, Kawoosa AA, et al. Delayed fixation of the transcervical fracture of the neck of the femur in the pediatric population: results and complications. J Child Orthop. 2009;3:473–7.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Ratliff AH. Fractures of the neck of the femur in children. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1962;44-B:528–42.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Togrul E, Bayram H, Gulsen M, Kalaci A, Ozbarlas S. Fractures of the femoral neck in children: long-term follow-up in 62 hip fractures. Injury. 2005;36:123–30.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Chaudhary S, Garg V, Mishra D, Yasam R, Barik S, Sinha SK, et al. Risk factors for avascular necrosis of the femoral head in pediatric femoral neck fractures. Cureus. 2021;13: e16776.

PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Azam MQ, Iraqi A, Sherwani M, Abbas M, Alam A, Bin SA, et al. Delayed fixation of displaced type II and III pediatric femoral neck fractures. Indian J Orthop. 2009;43:253–8.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Meyers MH, Harvey JPJ, Moore TM. Treatment of displaced subcapital and transcervical fractures of the femoral neck by muscle-pedicle-bone graft and internal fixation. A preliminary report on one hundred and fifty cases. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1973;55:257–74.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Roshan A, Ram S. The neglected femoral neck fracture in young adults: review of a challenging problem. Clin Med Res. 2008;6:33–9.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Toro G, Moretti A, Paoletta M, De Cicco A, Braile A, Panni AS. Neglected femoral neck fractures in cerebral palsy: a narrative review. EFORT Open Rev. 2020;5:58–64.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Papalia R, Torre G, Maffulli N, Denaro V. Hip fractures in children and adolescents. Br Med Bull. 2019;129:117–28.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ziebarth K, Kaiser N, Slongo T. Approaches and fixation of femoral neck fractures in children-transgluteal approach. Oper Orthop Traumatol. 2021;33:36–45.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Lim EJ, Kim B-S, Kim M, Shon H-C, Kim C-H. Open reduction versus closed reduction in internal fixation of displaced femoral neck fracture in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Orthop Surg Res. 2023;18:49.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Sankar WN, Mehlman CT. The community orthopaedic surgeon taking trauma call: pediatric femoral neck fracture pearls and pitfalls. J Orthop Trauma. 2019;33(Suppl 8):S22–6.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar