Department of Cardiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA

Mary J. Yeh, Elsa Bjornlund, Kimberlee Gauvreau, Brian P. Quinn & Lisa Bergersen

Section of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, The Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan

Fatima Ali & Nadeem Aslam

The Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital and Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA

Sarosh P. Batlivala & Shabana Shahanavaz

Department of Cardiology, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA

Darren Berman

UH Rainbow Babies & Children’s Hospital, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA

Martin L. Bocks

The Heart Center, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA

Kristin Chenault & Aimee K. Armstrong

Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Monroe Carell Jr. Children’s Hospital at Vanderbilt, Nashville, TN, USA

Thomas Doyle

Division of Cardiology, Children’s Hospital of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA

Todd Gudausky

Division of Pediatric Cardiology, University of Virginia Children’s Hospital, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA

Michael Hainstock

UC Davis Children’s Hospital, Sacramento, CA, USA

Ralf Holzer

Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA

Juan Ibla

Division of Cardiology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia and Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA

Michael L. O’Byrne

Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Virginia Children’s Hospital, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA

Ruchik Sharma

Heart Institute, UPMC Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh and Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA

Sara M. Trucco

Division of Pediatric Cardiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA

Wendy Whiteside

M.Y. and E.B. wrote the main manuscript text and prepared the figures. K.G. performed the statistical analysis. All authors reviewed the manuscript.