These authors contributed equally: Arthur Leroy, Varsha Gupta.

These authors jointly supervised this work: Navin Michael, Dennis Wang.

Department of Computer Science, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK

Arthur Leroy & Mauricio A. Álvarez

Institute for Human Development and Potential, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Republic of Singapore

Varsha Gupta, Mya Thway Tint, Yap Seng Chong, Yung Seng Lee, Johan G. Eriksson, Navin Michael & Dennis Wang

Bioinformatics Institute, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Republic of Singapore

Varsha Gupta & Dennis Wang

Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Republic of Singapore

Delicia Shu Qin Ooi & Yung Seng Lee

Department of Paediatrics, KK Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Singapore, Republic of Singapore

Fabian Yap & Ngee Lek

Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Republic of Singapore

Fabian Yap & Ngee Lek

MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Centre and NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK

Keith M. Godfrey

Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology and Human Potential Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Republic of Singapore

Yap Seng Chong & Johan G. Eriksson

Division of Paediatric Endocrinology, Department of Paediatrics, Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children’s Medical Institute, National University Hospital, National University Health System, Singapore, Republic of Singapore

Yung Seng Lee

Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland

Johan G. Eriksson

Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland

Johan G. Eriksson

Department of Computer Science, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK

Mauricio A. Álvarez & Dennis Wang

National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK

Dennis Wang