SAMHSA CfBHSaQ. National Survey on Drug Use and Health. Table 5.9A—Alcohol use disorder in past year: among people aged 12 or older; by age group and demographic characteristics, numbers in thousands, 2021 and 2022. 2022. Accessed May 9, 2024. https://www.samhsa.gov/data/sites/default/files/reports/rpt42728/NSDUHDetailedTabs2022/NSDUHDetailedTabs2022/NSDUHDetTabsSect5pe2022.htm#tab5.9a

Esser MB. Deaths from Excessive Alcohol Use—United States, 2016–2021. MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. 2024;73

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Shirazi F, Singal AK, Wong RJ. Alcohol-associated Cirrhosis and Alcoholic Hepatitis Hospitalization Trends in the United States. Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology. 2021;55(2):174-179. https://doi.org/10.1097/mcg.0000000000001378

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Silverstein AR, Kee R, Gleeson CD, et al. Risk factors and costs associated with 30-day readmissions following alcohol-related hospitalizations in the United States from 2010 to 2015. Alcohol. 2020/12/01/ 2020;89:19-25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.alcohol.2020.08.003

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Sharma RA, Subedi K, Gbadebo BM, Wilson B, Jurkovitz C, Horton T. Alcohol Withdrawal Rates in Hospitalized Patients During the COVID-19 Pandemic. JAMA Network Open. 2021;4(3):e210422-e210422. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.0422

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Sohal A, Chaudhry H, Patel J, et al. Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on alcohol-related hepatitis admissions: Analysis of nationwide data 2016-2020. Am J Med Sci. Sep 2023;366(3):209-218. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjms.2023.06.002

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Schmidt RA, Genois R, Jin J, Vigo D, Rehm J, Rush B. The early impact of COVID-19 on the incidence, prevalence, and severity of alcohol use and other drugs: A systematic review. Drug Alcohol Depend. Nov 1 2021;228:109065. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2021.109065

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Roberts A, Rogers J, Mason R, et al. Alcohol and other substance use during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review. Drug Alcohol Depend. Dec 1 2021;229(Pt A):109150. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2021.109150

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

McPheeters M, O'Connor EA, Riley S, et al. Pharmacotherapy for Alcohol Use Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Jama. Nov 7 2023;330(17):1653-1665. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2023.19761

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Administration SAaMHS. Key Substance Use and Mental Health Indicators in the United States: Results From the 2021 National Survey on Drug Use and Health. 2022. Accessed May 9, 2024. https://www.samhsa.gov/data/sites/default/files/reports/rpt39443/2021NSDUHFFRRev010323.pdf

Bernstein E, Guo N, Goto T, Rothberg MB. Characterizing the Variation of Alcohol Cessation Pharmacotherapy in Primary Care. J Gen Intern Med. Jul 2021;36(7):1989-1996. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11606-020-06454-1

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Bernstein EY, Baggett TP, Trivedi S, Herzig SJ, Anderson TS. Pharmacologic Treatment Initiation Among Medicare Beneficiaries Hospitalized With Alcohol Use Disorder. Ann Intern Med. Aug 2023;176(8):1137-1139. https://doi.org/10.7326/m23-0641

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Bernstein EY, Baggett TP, Trivedi S, Herzig SJ, Anderson TS. Outcomes After Initiation of Medications for Alcohol Use Disorder at Hospital Discharge. JAMA Network Open. 2024;7(3):e243387-e243387. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.3387

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

ClinicalTrials.gov. Alcohol Disorder hOsPital Treatment Trial (ADOPT). Accessed May 10, 2024. https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT02478489?cond=alcohol%20use%20disorder&term=saitz&rank=1&tab=results

Drugs.com. Vivitrol Prices, Coupons and Patient Assistance Programs. Accessed May 10, 2024. https://www.drugs.com/price-guide/vivitrol

Miller HD. From volume to value: better ways to pay for health care. Health Aff (Millwood). Sep-Oct 2009;28(5):1418-28. https://doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.28.5.1418

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Drugs.com. Vivitrol Prices, Coupons, Copay Cards & Patient Assistance. Accessed July 8, 2024. https://www.drugs.com/price-guide/vivitrol

Drugs.com. Naltrexone Prices, Coupons, Copay Cards & Patient Assistance. Accessed July 8, 2024. https://www.drugs.com/price-guide/naltrexone#oral-tablet-50-mg

Barenie RE, Kesselheim AS, Tsacogianis T, Fischer MA. Associations Between Copays, Coverage Limits for Opioid Use Disorder Medications, and Prescribing in Medicaid, 2018. Medical Care. 2021;59(3):266-272. https://doi.org/10.1097/mlr.0000000000001494

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kennedy J, Dipzinski A, Roll J, Coyne J, Blodgett E. Medicare prescription drug plan coverage of pharmacotherapies for opioid and alcohol dependence in WA. Drug and Alcohol Dependence. 2011/04/01/ 2011;114(2):201-206. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2010.08.016

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Saxon AJ, Akerman SC, Liu CC, Sullivan MA, Silverman BL, Vocci FJ. Extended‐release naltrexone (XR‐NTX) for opioid use disorder in clinical practice: Vivitrol's cost and treatment outcomes registry. Addiction. 2018;113(8):1477-1487.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Alkermes. Alkermes Hospital Inpatient Free Trial Program. Accessed May 10, 2024. https://www.alkermeshospitalprogram.com/user/login.action

Fetters MD. The mixed methods research workbook: Activities for designing, implementing, and publishing projects. vol 7. Sage Publications; 2019.

Danovitch I, Korouri S, Kaur H, et al. The addiction consultation service for hospitalized patients with substance use disorder: An integrative review of the evidence. J Subst Use Addict Treat. Aug 2024;163:209377. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.josat.2024.209377

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

American Psychiatric Association D, Association AP. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders: DSM-5. vol 5. American psychiatric association Washington, DC; 2013.

Hennink MM, Kaiser BN, Marconi VC. Code Saturation Versus Meaning Saturation: How Many Interviews Are Enough? Qual Health Res. Mar 2017;27(4):591-608. https://doi.org/10.1177/1049732316665344

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Proctor E, Silmere H, Raghavan R, et al. Outcomes for implementation research: conceptual distinctions, measurement challenges, and research agenda. Adm Policy Ment Health. Mar 2011;38(2):65-76. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10488-010-0319-7

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Weiner BJ, Lewis CC, Stanick C, et al. Psychometric assessment of three newly developed implementation outcome measures. Implement Sci. Aug 29 2017;12(1):108. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13012-017-0635-3

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Center TI. Acceptability of Intervention Measure (AIM), Intervention Appropriateness Measure (IAM), & Feasibility of Intervention Measure. Accessed October 18, 2024. https://ictp.fpg.unc.edu/wp-content/uploads/Triple-P-System-Implementation-Outcomes_Acceptability-Appropriateness-Feasibility.pdf

REDCap. REDCap. Accessed May 10, 2024. https://www.project-redcap.org/

Nyimbili F, Nyimbili L. Types of Purposive Sampling Techniques with Their Examples and Application in Qualitative Research Studies. British Journal of Multidisciplinary and Advanced Studies. 2024;5(1):90-99.

Article  Google Scholar 

Calcaterra SL, Lockhart S, Callister C, Hoover K, Binswanger IA. Opioid Use Disorder Treatment Initiation and Continuation: a Qualitative Study of Patients Who Received Addiction Consultation and Hospital-Based Providers. J Gen Intern Med. Aug 2022;37(11):2786-2794. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11606-021-07305-3

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Skinner CS, Tiro J, Champion VL. Background on the health belief model. Health behavior: Theory, research, and practice. 2015;75:1-34.

Google Scholar 

Fereday J, Muir-Cochrane E. Demonstrating rigor using thematic analysis: A hybrid approach of inductive and deductive coding and theme development. International journal of qualitative methods. 2006;5(1):80-92.

Article  Google Scholar 

Hsieh H-F, Shannon SE. Three approaches to qualitative content analysis. Qualitative health research. 2005;15(9):1277-1288.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Elo S, Kyngäs H. The qualitative content analysis process. Journal of advanced nursing. 2008;62(1):107-115.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Thomas DR. A general inductive approach for analyzing qualitative evaluation data. American journal of evaluation. 2006;27(2):237-246.

Article  Google Scholar 

Tong A, Sainsbury P, Craig J. Consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research (COREQ): a 32-item checklist for interviews and focus groups. Int J Qual Health Care. Dec 2007;19(6):349-57. https://doi.org/10.1093/intqhc/mzm042

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Brax H, Fadlallah R, Al-Khaled L, et al. Association between physicians' interaction with pharmaceutical companies and their clinical practices: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2017;12(4):e0175493. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0175493

Article