Monden C, Pison G, Smits J. Twin Peaks: more twinning in humans than ever before. Hum Reprod (Oxf, Engl). 2021;36:1666–73.

Article  Google Scholar 

Smits J, Monden C. Twinning across the Developing World. PloS one. 2011;6:e25239.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Ananth CV, Chauhan SP. Epidemiology of twinning in developed countries. Semin Perinatol. 2012;36:156–61.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Hardardottir H, Kelly K, Bork MD, Cusick W, Campbell WA, Rodis JF. Atypical presentation of preeclampsia in high-order multifetal gestations. Obstet Gynecol. 1996;87:370–4.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

American College of O, Gynecologists SfM-FM. Practice Bulletin No. 169: Multifetal Gestations: Twin, Triplet, and Higher-Order Multifetal Pregnancies. Obstet Gynecol. 2016;128:e131–46.

Google Scholar 

Bateman BT, Bansil P, Hernandez-Diaz S, Mhyre JM, Callaghan WM, Kuklina EV. Prevalence, trends, and outcomes of chronic hypertension: a nationwide sample of delivery admissions. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2012;206:134.e1–8.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ankumah NA, Cantu J, Jauk V, Biggio J, Hauth J, Andrews W, et al. Risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes in women with mild chronic hypertension before 20 weeks of gestation. Obstet Gynecol. 2014;123:966–72.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

ACOG Practice Bulletin No. 203. Chronic Hypertension in Pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol. 2019;133:e26–e50.

Article  Google Scholar 

Bramham K, Parnell B, Nelson-Piercy C, Seed PT, Poston L, Chappell LC. Chronic hypertension and pregnancy outcomes: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ (Clin Res ed). 2014;348:g2301.

Google Scholar 

Magee LA, Brown MA, Hall DR, Gupte S, Hennessy A, Karumanchi SA, et al. The 2021 International Society for the Study of Hypertension in Pregnancy classification, diagnosis & management recommendations for international practice. Pregnancy Hypertens. 2022;27:148–69.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Whelton PK, Carey RM, Aronow WS, Casey DE Jr., Collins KJ, Dennison Himmelfarb C, et al. 2017 ACC/AHA/AAPA/ABC/ACPM/AGS/APhA/ASH/ASPC/NMA/PCNA Guideline for the Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Management of High Blood Pressure in Adults: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines. Hypertension 2018;71:e13–e115.

CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Scott G, Gillon TE, Pels A, von Dadelszen P, Magee LA. Guidelines-similarities and dissimilarities: a systematic review of international clinical practice guidelines for pregnancy hypertension. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2022;226:S1222–s36.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Slade LJ, Mistry HD, Bone JN, Wilson M, Blackman M, Syeda N, et al. American College of Cardiology and American Heart Association blood pressure categories-a systematic review of the relationship with adverse pregnancy outcomes in the first half of pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2023;228:418–29.e34

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Wu DD, Gao L, Huang O, Ullah K, Guo MX, Liu Y, et al. Increased Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes Associated With Stage 1 Hypertension in a Low-Risk Cohort: Evidence From 47 874 Cases. Hypertension. 2020;75:772–80.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Sabol BA, Porcelli B, Diveley E, Meyenburg K, Woolfolk C, Rosenbloom JI, et al. Defining the risk profile of women with stage 1 hypertension: a time to event analysis. Am J Obstet Gynecol MFM. 2021;3:100376.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Sutton EF, Rogan SC, Lopa S, Sharbaugh D, Muldoon MF, Catov JM. Early Pregnancy Blood Pressure Elevations and Risk for Maternal and Neonatal Morbidity. Obstet Gynecol. 2020;136:129–39.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Yang SW, Cho SH, Kang YS, Park SH, Sohn IS, Kwon HS, et al. Usefulness of uterine artery Doppler velocimetry as a predictor for hypertensive disorders in pregnancy in women with prehypertension before 20 weeks gestation. PloS one. 2019;14:e0210566.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Greenberg VR, Silasi M, Lundsberg LS, Culhane JF, Reddy UM, Partridge C, et al. Perinatal outcomes in women with elevated blood pressure and stage 1 hypertension. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2021;224:521.e1–.e11.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Li Q, Zheng L, Gu Y, Jiang D, Wang G, Li J, et al. Early pregnancy stage 1 hypertension and high mean arterial pressure increased risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes in Shanghai, China. J Hum Hypertens. 2022;36:917–24.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Nagao T, Saito K, Yamanaka M. Prehypertension in early pregnancy is a risk factor for hypertensive disorders during pregnancy: A historical cohort study in Japan. Hypertens Pregnancy. 2021;40:51–5.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Rosner JY, Gutierrez M, Dziadosz M, Bennett TA, Dolin C, Pham A, et al. Prehypertension in early versus late pregnancy. J Matern-fetal neonatal Med: J Eur Assoc Perinat Med, Federation Asia Ocean Perinat Societies, Int Soc Perinat Obstet. 2019;32:188–92.

Article  Google Scholar 

Sisti G, Fochesato C, Elkafrawi D, Marcus B, Schiattarella A. Is blood pressure 120–139/80–89 mmHg before 20 weeks a risk factor for hypertensive disorders of pregnancy? A meta-analysis. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2023;284:66–75.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Darwin KC, Federspiel JJ, Schuh BL, Baschat AA, Vaught AJ. ACC-AHA Diagnostic Criteria for Hypertension in Pregnancy Identifies Patients at Intermediate Risk of Adverse Outcomes. Am J Perinatol. 2021;38:e249–e55.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Fox NS, Hill MB, Connolly CT, Klahr RA, Zafman KB, Rebarber A. The association between high-normal blood pressure and the development of preeclampsia in twin pregnancies. J Matern-fetal neonatal Med: J Eur Assoc Perinat Med, Federation Asia Ocean Perinat Societies, Int Soc Perinat Obstet. 2021;34:182–6.

Article  Google Scholar 

Sagaro GG, Di Canio M, Amenta F. Correlation between body mass index and blood pressure in seafarers. Clin Exp Hypertens. 2021;43:189–95.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Cui J, Hopper JL, Harrap SB. Genes and family environment explain correlations between blood pressure and body mass index. Hypertension. 2002;40:7–12.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Leduc L, Takser L, Rinfret D. Persistance of adverse obstetric and neonatal outcomes in monochorionic twins after exclusion of disorders unique to monochorionic placentation. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2005;193:1670–5.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Koudstaal J, Bruinse HW, Helmerhorst FM, Vermeiden JP, Willemsen WN, Visser GH. Obstetric outcome of twin pregnancies after in-vitro fertilization: a matched control study in four Dutch university hospitals. Hum Reprod (Oxf, Engl). 2000;15:935–40.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Brown MA, Magee LA, Kenny LC, Karumanchi SA, McCarthy FP, Saito S, et al. Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy: ISSHP Classification, Diagnosis, and Management Recommendations for International Practice. Hypertension. 2018;72:24–43.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Williamson C, Geenes V. Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol. 2014;124:120–33.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Burki T. Understanding postpartum haemorrhage. Lancet. 2023;402:601.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Bagchi S, Salihu HM. Birth weight discordance in multiple gestations: occurrence and outcomes. J Obstet Gynaecol: J Inst Obstet Gynaecol. 2006;26:291–6.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Khalil A, Rodgers M, Baschat A, Bhide A, Gratacos E, Hecher K, et al. ISUOG Practice Guidelines: role of ultrasound in twin pregnancy. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol : J Int Soc Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2016;47:247–63.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Dodd JM, Grivell RM, Cm OB, Dowswell T, Deussen AR. Prenatal administration of progestogens for preventing spontaneous preterm birth in women with a multiple pregnancy. Cochrane database Syst Rev. 2017;10:Cd012024.

PubMed  Google Scholar 

[Expert consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of intrahepatic cholestasis (2021 edition)]. Zhonghua Gan Zang Bing Za Zhi. 2022;30:137–46.

Hu J, Li Y, Zhang B, Zheng T, Li J, Peng Y, et al. Impact of the 2017 ACC/AH