Irving C, Basu A, Richmond S et al (2008) Twenty-year trends in prevalence and survival of Down syndrome. Eur J Hum Genet 16:1336–1340. https://doi.org/10.1038/ejhg.2008.122

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Jaruratanasirikul S, Kor-anantakul O, Chowvichian M et al (2017) A population-based study of prevalence of Down syndrome in Southern Thailand. World Journal of Pediatrics 13:63–69. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12519-016-0071-5

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Hughes-Mccormack LA, McGowan R, Pell JP et al (2020) Birth incidence, deaths and hospitalisations of children and young people with down syndrome, 1990–2015: birth cohort study. BMJ Open. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-033770

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Kucik JE, Shin M, Siffel C et al (2013) Trends in survival among children with Down syndrome in 10 regions of the United States. Pediatrics 131:e27–e36. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2012-1616

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Irving CA, Chaudhari MP (2012) Cardiovascular abnormalities in Down’s syndrome: spectrum, management and survival over 22 years. Arch Dis Child 97:326–330. https://doi.org/10.1136/adc.2010.210534

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Körten MA, Helm PC, Abdul-Khaliq H et al (2016) Eisenmenger syndrome and long-term survival in patients with Down syndrome and congenital heart disease. Heart 102:1552–1557. https://doi.org/10.1136/heartjnl-2016-309437

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Zahari N, Mat Bah MN, Razak AH, Thong MK (2019) Ten-year trend in prevalence and outcome of Down syndrome with congenital heart disease in a middle-income country. Eur J Pediatr 178:1267–1274. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00431-019-03403-x

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Weijerman ME, Van Furth AM, Van Der Mooren MD et al (2010) Prevalence of congenital heart defects and persistent pulmonary hypertension of the neonate with Down syndrome. Eur J Pediatr 169:1195–1199. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00431-010-1200-0

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Bush D, Galambos C, Ivy DD et al (2018) Clinical characteristics and risk factors for developing pulmonary hypertension in children with Down syndrome. J Pediatr 202:212-219.e2. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2018.06.031

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Martin T, Smith A, Breatnach CR et al (2018) Infants born with Down syndrome: burden of disease in the early neonatal period. J Pediatr 193:21–26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2017.09.046

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Taksande A, Pujari D, Jameel PZ et al (2021) Prevalence of pulmonary hypertension among children with down syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis. World J Clin Pediatr 10:177–191. https://doi.org/10.5409/wjcp.v10.i6.177

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Sharma M, Khera S, Sondhi V, Devgan A (2013) A study to determine the prevalence of pulmonary arterial hypertension in children with Down syndrome and congenital heart disease. Med J Armed Forces India 69:241–245. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mjafi.2012.11.013

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Espinola-Zavaleta N, Soto ME, Romero-Gonzalez A et al (2015) Prevalence of congenital heart disease and pulmonary hypertension in down’s syndrome: an echocardiographic study. J Cardiovasc Ultrasound 23:72–77. https://doi.org/10.4250/jcu.2015.23.2.72

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Hopper RK, Abman SH, Elia EG et al (2023) Pulmonary hypertension in children with Down syndrome: results from the pediatric pulmonary hypertension network registry. J Pediatr 252:131-140.e3. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2022.08.027

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Skinner GJ (2017) Echocardiographic assessment of pulmonary arterial hypertension for pediatricians and neonatologists. Front Pediatr 5:1–8. https://doi.org/10.3389/fped.2017.00168

Article  Google Scholar 

Rosenzweig EB, Abman SH, Adatia I et al (2019) Paediatric pulmonary arterial hypertension: updates on definition, classification, diagnostics and management. Eur Respir J. https://doi.org/10.1183/13993003.01916-2018

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Mat Bah MN, Tan RYH, Razak H et al (2021) Survival and associated risk factors for mortality among infants with persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn in Malaysia. J Perinatol 41:786–793. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41372-021-00962-6

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Mat Bah MN, Sapian MH, Jamil MT et al (2018) The birth prevalence, severity, and temporal trends of congenital heart disease in the middle-income country: a population-based study. Congenit Heart Dis 13:1012–1027. https://doi.org/10.1111/chd.12672

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Bergstrom S, Carr H, Petersson G et al (2016) Trends in congenital heart defects in infants with Down syndrome. Pediatrics 138:e20160123–e20160123. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2016-0123

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Dimopoulos K, Kempny A (2016) Patients with down syndrome and congenital heart disease: survival is improving, but challenges remain. Heart 102:1515–1517

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

King P, Tulloh R (2011) Management of pulmonary hypertension and Down syndrome. Int J Clin Pract 65:8–13

Article  Google Scholar 

Steurer MA, Jelliffe-Pawlowski LL, Baer RJ et al (2017) Persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn in late preterm and term infants in California. Pediatrics 139:e20161165. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2016-1165

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Cua CL, Blankenship A, North AL et al (2007) Increased incidence of idiopathic persistent pulmonary hypertension in Down syndrome neonates. Pediatr Cardiol 28:250–254. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00246-006-0011-6

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

O’Leary L, Hughes-McCormack L, Dunn K, Cooper SA (2018) Early death and causes of death of people with Down syndrome: a systematic review. J Appl Res Intellect Disabil 31:687–708. https://doi.org/10.1111/jar.12446

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar