Gardini et al. (1978)[1] F/7 Frontal bone NA Tender mass for1 month NA Complete resection, cranioplasty NA, NA Hufnagel et al. (1987)[2] F/22 Parietal bone 2×1 Headache for 6 months X-ray: A lytic lesion without sclerosis or bone expansion
CT: A lytic area with irregular borders showing destruction of both skull tables and a central soft-tissue component Surgical resection, cranioplasty NA, NA Ovul et al. (1988[3] M/3 month Parietal bone 4×5×0.8 3 month history of growing mass (present at birth) X-ray: A hypodense mass in the diploic with enlargement external Complete resection NR, 2 years Okuno et al. (1990)[4] F/86 Temporal bone 2×3 Ear drainage for 1 month and stenosis of the ear canal a mass Surgical resection NR, 2 years Goldberg et al. (1995)[5] F/42 Frontal bone NA Left-sided headache for 3 months CT: An abnormal trabecular pattern with expansion En bloc resection NR, 6 years Selfa-Moreno
et al. (1995)[6] F/28 Parietal bone 2 Continuous right-sided headache for several weeks X-ray: A round lytic lesion without sclerosis
CT: A lytic area involving both tables with bone fragments and a central soft-tissue component Surgical removal NR, 3 years Pensak et al. (1997)[7] F/21 Temporal bone NA Aural fullness over 6 months and a mild decrease in hearing CT: An expansive bony lesion Temporal craniotomy and petrosectomy NR, 4 years F/28 Temporal bone 3.5 1 year history of aural fullness and intermittent suppuration, progressive decrease in hearing CT: A destructive mass causing a bubbling expansive destruction of bone
MR: A enhancing extraaxial mass Temporal craniotomy and petrosectomy with tympanoplasty NR, 18 months Celli et al. (1997)[8] F/64 Parietal bone 2×3 Incidental finding MR: A diploic lesion, isointense on T1WIs and hyperintense on T2, with moderate enhancement Complete resection and cranioplasty NR, 1 years Horiuchi et al. (1998)[9] F/29 Frontal bone 2 Right frontal headache for 2 months X-ray: An osteolytic lesion
CT: A lytic, non-sclerotic lesion with a soft tissue in the diploic
MR: A well-demarcated enhancing tumor Complete resection and cranioplasty NA, NA Dutt et al. (2000)[10] F/72 Temporal bone 2.3 Painless swelling for nearly 10 years CT: A large triangular bony expanding the diploic space and involving predominantly the outer tableof the skull with soft tissue
MR: An enhancing soft-tissue mass with an intracranial extension Complete resection and cranioplasty NR, 6 months Kim et al. (2001)[11] M/21 Parietal bone 4 Persistent right-sided headache that had lasted several weeks. a painful mass X-ray: A round lytic lesion without bone expansion or sclerosis
CT: A expensive lytic skull lesion with destruction of both skull tables and a central soft-tissue component Complete resection with wide margin and cranioplasty NR,
35 months Rabin et al. (2003)[12] F/43 Temporo-parietal bone (CT: 6×5) (MR: 8×5×10) Progressively enlarged swelling for 12 years CT: A large, isodense mass associated with complete bone destruction
MR: A mass infiltrating through the diploic space and involving the adjacent galea and soft tissue Complete resection, cranioplasty NA, NA Wolfe et al. (2005)[13] M/3 Frontal bone 3 Mildly tender bone prominence enlarged slightly over 2 years CT: Focal calavarial thickening and expansion of the diploic space with a ground-glass appearance Complete resection with negative margins NR, 1 year F/7 Temporal bone NA Non-tender bone mass for 14 months X-ray: A lytic lesion with irregular borders and a trabeculated pattern
CT: A lytic lesion eroding the outer tablewith enlarged diploic space and enhancement of an intralesional soft-tissue mass Resection and curettage NR,
3 months M/22 month Frontal bone NA Non-tender, enlarging mass surrounded by engorged vessels CT: A focal, ill-defined lesion with enlarged diploic space, thinned cortices and internal trabeculations
MR: An intradiploic soft tissue lesion with prominent contrast enhancement Complete resection NA, NA Yoon et al. (2006)[14] F/1 Frontal bone involving temporoparietal bone 8×7×1 Progressive swelling for 10 months X-ray: A large round lytic lesion without a sclerotic margin
CT: A slightly expansile mass in the dipole involving partial destruction of the outer table
MR: A mass of low signal intensity on T1WI, and profoundly low signal intensity on T2WI. e mass enhanced heterogeneously with gadolinium, with strong enhancement along the dural and bony margins of the mass, but weak enhancement of the center of the mass Complete resection, aggressive curettage, cranioplasty NR, 1 year Lath et al. (2006)[15] M/18 Frontal bone NA Headaches and a scalp
swelling for 1 month CT: A iso to hypodense mass involving the outer and inner tablewith intracranial extension and enhancement of intradural component Complete resection and duroplasty NR, 1 year Kim et al. (2006)[16] F/53 Temporal bone 3×2.5 Continuous right side headache for 1 year X-ray: A lytic lesion with mild sclerotic margin
CT: A lytic lesion in the diploic eroding the outer tableof skull
MR: High signal intensity lesion on T2WI En bloc resection with wide margins NR, 15 months Hwang et al. (2007)[17] F/1 Frontal bone 2 Non-tender, fixed, progressive protuberance for 3 months X-ray: A round osteolytic lesion with sclerotic margin
CT: A well-defined osteolytic mass and diploic space enlarged with thinned cortices
MR: An intradiploic soft-tissue lesion with prominent contrast enhancement Complete resection NR, 6 months Deniz et al. (2008)[18] M/21 Parietal bone 2.5×3 Non-tender mass with progressive increase for 3 years CT: A osteolytic intradiploic lesion Complete resection NR, 15 months Bahri et al.* (2011)[19] M/3 Parietal bone 2.9×2.0 a mass CT: A expensive lytic mass with brain compression and cortical destruction Complete resection NR, 6 months Lee et al. (2012)[20] M/20 Frontal bone 3×3.5 Worsening headache and a swelling for 1 year X-ray: A lytic lesion with a sclerotic margin
CT: A focal calvarial thickening and expansion of the diploic space by a hypo-attenuated mass with a sclerotic margin and ground-glass appearance
MR: Heterogeneous signal intensity on T2WI and intermediate signal intensity on T1WI with multifocal enhancement Complete resection with sufficient safety margins NA, NA Cho et al. (2013)[21] F/11 Parieto-occipital bone 1.6×1.4 Intermittent pain and a slowly increasing soft mass CT: A well-defined expansile lytic bone lesion with erosion through the outer and inner tables of skull Complete resection,autologous reconstruction NR, 4 months Dadlani et al. (2014)[22] F/20 Frontal bone 18×17.5×14 Progressive swelling for 15 years X-ray: A large sclerotic lesion with presence of ‘‘sun ray’’ spicules with significant soft tissue component
CT: Speculations arising from the outer table
MR: A giant heterogeneous lesion with markedly hypointense on both T1WI and T2WI; a soft tissue component with isointense on T1WI and heterointense on T2WI; multiple hypointense bony “sun ray” spicules extending into the soft tissue component Subtotal resection Died 9 days after surgery due to pulmonary embolism Majumder et al. (2015)[23] M/13 Temporal bone NA 9-month history of right aural fullness, progressive hearing loss, and pulsatile tinnitus CT: A large fibro-osseous lesion
MR: An enhancing mass Complete resection NR, 1.5 years Koiso et al. (2016)[24] F/33 month Parietal bone 4×1×3.5(27 month),4.3×1×4(32 month) Recurrent afebrile seizures CT: A osteolytic mass in the intradiploic space eroding the outer and inner tables of the calvarium
MR: A hypointense spindle-shaped mass with hypointense centrally on T1WI, and hyperintense peripherally on T2WI. Contrast-enhanced MRI showed a well-defined homogeneous mass Complete resection, the adjacent dura was coagulated but not removed R, 4 months After second operation: NR, 1 year Garov et al.* (2016)[25] NA Temporal bone 3×4 NA CT, MR: A expansile lytic mass in the diploic space with destruction of the inner table and thinning of the outer table Surgical treatment NA, NA Lucke-Wold et al. (2020)[26] F/10 months Frontal bone 3 1 month history of progressive swelling CT: An expansile osteolytic mass in the intradiploic space eroding the outer table of the skull Completely resection NR, 1 year Kato et al. (2021)[27] F/50 Temporal bone 3.2×2.8×2.1 Hearing loss and otalgia for 6 months CT: Destructive changes centered with mastoid opacification
MR: A destructive, contrast-enhancing soft tissue lesion with a cystic component Complete mastoidectomy NR, 6 months Elbadawy et al. (2021)[28] F/33 Occipital bone 4×4 Swelling for 2 years CT: A extracranial heterogenous hyper-dense well circumscribed lesion
MR: Heterogenous isointense signal on T1WI without contrast enhancement, and hypo-intense signal on T2WI Complete resection and curettage NA, NA This present case F/28 Parietal bone 5×5 8 year history of progressive swelling CT: A extracranial heterogeneous mass with a soft-tissue component and hyper-dense calcification without invading the diploe
MR: Isointense on T1WI and slightly hypointense on T2WI, and inhomogeneously progressive enhanced on postcontrast T1WI Complete resection, curettage NR, 1year