Avis NE, Crawford SL, Greendale G, et al. Duration of menopausal vasomotor symptoms over the menopause transition. JAMA Intern Med. 2015;175(4):531–9. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamainternmed.2014.8063.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
de Villiers TJ, Hall JE, Pinkerton JV, et al. Revised global Consensus Statement on menopausal hormone therapy. Climacteric. 2016;19(4):313–5. https://doi.org/10.1080/13697137.2016.1196047.
Maas A, Rosano G, Cifkova R, et al. Cardiovascular health after menopause transition, pregnancy disorders, and other gynaecologic conditions: a consensus document from European cardiologists, gynaecologists, and endocrinologists. Eur Heart J. 2021;42(10):967–84. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehaa1044.
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
North American Menopause Society. The 2022 hormone therapy position statement of the North American Menopause Society. Menopause. 2022;29(7):767–94. https://doi.org/10.1097/gme.0000000000002028.
North American Menopause Society. The 2017 hormone therapy position statement of the North American Menopause Society. Menopause. 2017;24(7):728–53. https://doi.org/10.1097/gme.0000000000000921.
Crandall CJ, Mehta JM, Manson JE. Management of menopausal symptoms: a review. JAMA. 2023;329(5):405–20. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2022.24140.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Boardman HM, Hartley L, Eisinga A, et al. Hormone therapy for preventing cardiovascular disease in post-menopausal women. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015;2015(3):Cd002229. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD002229.pub4.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Vinogradova Y, Coupland C, Hippisley-Cox J. Use of hormone replacement therapy and risk of venous thromboembolism: nested case-control studies using the QResearch and CPRD databases. BMJ. 2019;364:k4810. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.k4810.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Cushman M, Kuller LH, Prentice R, et al. Estrogen plus progestin and risk of venous thrombosis. JAMA. 2004;292(13):1573–80. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.292.13.1573.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Anderson GL, Limacher M, Assaf AR, et al. Effects of conjugated equine estrogen in postmenopausal women with hysterectomy: the women’s Health Initiative randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2004;291(14):1701–12. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.291.14.1701.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Hernán MA, Sauer BC, Hernández-Díaz S, Platt R, Shrier I. Specifying a target trial prevents immortal time bias and other self-inflicted injuries in observational analyses. J Clin Epidemiol. 2016;79:70–5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclinepi.2016.04.014.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Hernán MA, Robins JM. Using Big Data to emulate a target Trial when a Randomized Trial is not available. Am J Epidemiol. 2016;183(8):758–64. https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwv254.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Dickerman BA, García-Albéniz X, Logan RW, Denaxas S, Hernán MA. Avoidable flaws in observational analyses: an application to statins and cancer. Nat Med. 2019;25(10):1601–6. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-019-0597-x.
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Rossouw JE, Anderson GL, Prentice RL, et al. Risks and benefits of estrogen plus progestin in healthy postmenopausal women: principal results from the women’s Health Initiative randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2002;288(3):321–33. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.288.3.321.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Miller J, Chan BK, Nelson HD. Postmenopausal estrogen replacement and risk for venous thromboembolism: a systematic review and meta-analysis for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. Ann Intern Med. 2002;136(9):680–90. https://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-136-9-200205070-00011.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Cobin RH, Goodman NF. American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists and American College of Endocrinology Position statement on menopause-2017 update. Endocr Pract. 2017;23(7):869–80. https://doi.org/10.4158/ep171828.Ps.
Hernán MA, Lanoy E, Costagliola D, Robins JM. Comparison of dynamic treatment regimes via inverse probability weighting. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol. 2006;98(3):237–42. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1742-7843.2006.pto_329.x.
Ministry of Health and Welfare. Table 8 Social Insurance. Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei, Taiwan. 2022. https://www.mohw.gov.tw/dl-63152-60fccf9b-ef10-4856-97c0-dfeda0cdd6a7.html. Accessed 23 July 2024.
Howe CJ, Cole SR, Westreich DJ, Greenland S, Napravnik S, Eron JJ. Jr. Splines for trend analysis and continuous confounder control. Epidemiology. 2011;22(6):874–5. https://doi.org/10.1097/EDE.0b013e31823029dd.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Lipsitch M, Tchetgen Tchetgen E, Cohen T. Negative controls: a tool for detecting confounding and bias in observational studies. Epidemiology. 2010;21(3):383–8. https://doi.org/10.1097/EDE.0b013e3181d61eeb.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Young JG, Stensrud MJ, Tchetgen Tchetgen EJ, Hernán MA. A causal framework for classical statistical estimands in failure-time settings with competing events. Stat Med. 2020;39(8):1199–236. https://doi.org/10.1002/sim.8471.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
The American Cancer Society medical and editorial content team. How smoking tobacco affects your cancer risk. American Cancer Society. 2020. https://www.cancer.org/cancer/risk-prevention/tobacco/health-risks-of-tobacco/health-risks-of-smoking-tobacco.html. Accessed June 17, 2024.
Underferth D. How does obesity cause cancer? MD Anderson Center. https://www.mdanderson.org/publications/focused-on-health/how-does-obesity-cause-cancer.h27Z1591413.html
Kim JE, Chang JH, Jeong MJ, et al. A systematic review and meta-analysis of effects of menopausal hormone therapy on cardiovascular diseases. Sci Rep. 2020;10(1):20631. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-77534-9.
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Schierbeck LL, Rejnmark L, Tofteng CL, et al. Effect of hormone replacement therapy on cardiovascular events in recently postmenopausal women: randomised trial. BMJ. 2012;345:e6409. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.e6409.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Hodis HN, Mack WJ, Henderson VW, et al. Vascular effects of early versus late postmenopausal treatment with Estradiol. N Engl J Med. 2016;374(13):1221–31. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1505241.
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Friedman LM, Furberg CD, DeMets DL. Fundamentals of clinical trials. Fourth ed: Springer; 2010.
Hernán MA, Hernández-Díaz S. Beyond the intention-to-treat in comparative effectiveness research. Clin Trials. 2012;9(1):48–55. https://doi.org/10.1177/1740774511420743.
Lee SR, Cho MK, Cho YJ, et al. The 2020 menopausal hormone therapy guidelines. J Menopausal Med. 2020;26(2):69–98. https://doi.org/10.6118/jmm.20000.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
NHS. When to take hormone replacement therapy (HRT). 2023. https://www.nhs.uk/medicines/hormone-replacement-therapy-hrt/when-to-take-hormone-replacement-therapy-hrt/
留言 (0)