Appell HJ, Soares JM, Duarte JA (1992) Exercise, muscle damage and fatigue. Sports Med 13(2):108–115. https://doi.org/10.2165/00007256-199213020-00006

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Bowden J, Holmes MV (2019) Meta-analysis and mendelian randomization: a review. Res Synth Methods 10(4):486–496. https://doi.org/10.1002/jrsm.1346

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Burgess S, Thompson SG (2011) Bias in causal estimates from mendelian randomization studies with weak instruments. Stat Med 30(11):1312–1323. https://doi.org/10.1002/sim.4197

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Burgess S, Butterworth A, Thompson SG (2013) Mendelian randomization analysis with multiple genetic variants using summarized data. Genet Epidemiol 37(7):658–665. https://doi.org/10.1002/gepi.21758

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Burgess S, Foley CN, Zuber V (2018) Inferring causal relationships between risk factors and outcomes from genome-wide association study data. Annu Rev Genomics Hum Genet 19:303–327. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-genom-083117-021731

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Cheng AJ, Jude B, Lanner JT (2020) Intramuscular mechanisms of overtraining. Redox Biol 35:101480. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.redox.2020.101480

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Clarkson PM, Nosaka K, Braun B (1992) Muscle function after exercise-induced muscle damage and rapid adaptation. Med Sci Sports Exerc 24(5):512–520

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Cui C, Miao H, Liang T, Liu X, Liu X (2023) Analysis of muscle synergy and muscle functional network at different walking speeds based on surface electromyographic signal. Sheng Wu Yi Xue Gong Cheng Xue Za Zhi 40(5):938–944. https://doi.org/10.7507/1001-5515.202303065

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Emdin CA, Khera AV, Kathiresan S (2017) Mendelian randomization. JAMA 318(19):1925–1926. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2017.17219

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Farrell SG, Hatem M, Bharam S (2023) Acute adductor muscle injury: a systematic review on diagnostic imaging, treatment, and prevention. Am J Sports Med 51(13):3591–3603. https://doi.org/10.1177/03635465221140923

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Fields KB, Rigby MD (2016) Muscular calf injuries in runners. Curr Sports Med Rep 15(5):320–324. https://doi.org/10.1249/jsr.0000000000000292

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Gacto-Sánchez M, Medina-Mirapeix F, Benítez-Martínez JC, Montilla-Herrador J, Palanca A, Agustín RM (2023) Estimating quadriceps and hamstrings strength through myoton among recreational athletes. J Sport Rehabil 32(7):827–833. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsr.2022-0437

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Gerhardt C, Doyscher R, Boschert HP, Scheibel M (2014) The gymnastics shoulder. Orthopade 43(3):230–235. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00132-013-2145-6

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Greco MF, Minelli C, Sheehan NA, Thompson JR (2015) Detecting pleiotropy in mendelian randomisation studies with summary data and a continuous outcome. Stat Med 34(21):2926–2940. https://doi.org/10.1002/sim.6522

Article  Google Scholar 

Hartwig FP, Davies NM, Hemani G, Davey Smith G (2016) Two-sample mendelian randomization: avoiding the downsides of a powerful, widely applicable but potentially fallible technique. Int J Epidemiol 45(6):1717–1726. https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyx028

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Hemani G, Zheng J, Elsworth B, Wade KH, Haberland V, Baird D, Laurin C, Burgess S, Bowden J, Langdon R, Tan VY, Yarmolinsky J, Shihab HA, Timpson NJ, Evans DM, Relton C, Martin RM, Davey Smith G, Gaunt TR, Haycock PC (2018) The MR-Base platform supports systematic causal inference across the human phenome. Elife. https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.34408

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Herring SA, Nilson KL (1987) Introduction to overuse injuries. Clin Sports Med 6(2):225–239

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Hirose L, Nosaka K, Newton M, Laveder A, Kano M, Peake J, Suzuki K (2004) Changes in inflammatory mediators following eccentric exercise of the elbow flexors. Exerc Immunol Rev 10:75–90

PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ishøi L, Krommes K, Husted RS, Juhl CB, Thorborg K (2020) Diagnosis, prevention and treatment of common lower extremity muscle injuries in sport - grading the evidence: a statement paper commissioned by the danish society of sports physical therapy (DSSF). Br J Sports Med 54(9):528–537. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2019-101228

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kim HJ, Lee YH, Kim CK (2007) Biomarkers of muscle and cartilage damage and inflammation during a 200 km run. Eur J Appl Physiol 99(4):443–447

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kobayashi Y, Takeuchi T, Hosoi T, Yoshizaki H, Loeppky JA (2005) Effect of a marathon run on serum lipoproteins, creatine kinase, and lactate dehydrogenase in recreational runners. Res Q Exerc Sport 76(4):450–455

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Li C, Niu M, Guo Z, Liu P, Zheng Y, Liu D, Yang S, Wang W, Li Y, Hou H (2022) A mild causal relationship between tea consumption and obesity in general population: a two-sample mendelian randomization study. Front Genet 13:795049. https://doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2022.795049

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Liaghat B, Pedersen JR, Husted RS, Pedersen LL, Thorborg K, Juhl CB (2023) Diagnosis, prevention and treatment of common shoulder injuries in sport: grading the evidence - a statement paper commissioned by the danish society of sports physical therapy (DSSF). Br J Sports Med 57(7):408–416. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2022-105674

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Lieber RL, Ward SR (2011) Skeletal muscle design to meet functional demands. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 366(1570):1466–1476. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2010.0316

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Lippi G, Schena F, Salvagno GL, Montagnana M, Gelati M, Tarperi C, Banfi G, Guidi GC (2008) Acute variation of biochemical markers of muscle damage following a 21-km, half-marathon run. Scand J Clin Lab Invest 68(7):667–672. https://doi.org/10.1080/00365510802126844

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Mena P, Maynar M, Campillo JE (1996) Changes in plasma enzyme activities in professional racing cyclists. Br J Sports Med 30(2):122–124

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Nie J, Tong TK, Shi Q, Lin H, Zhao J, Tian Y (2008) Serum cardiac troponin response in adolescents playing basketball. Int J Sports Med 29(6):449–452

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Nosaka K, Clarkson PM, Apple FS (1992) Time course of serum protein changes after strenuous exercise of the forearm flexors. J Lab Clin Med 119(2):183–188

CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Nosaka K, Newton M, Sacco P (2002) Muscle damage and soreness after endurance exercise of the elbow flexors. Med Sci Sports Exerc 34(6):920–927

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Pedret C, Balius R, Blasi M, Dávila F, Aramendi JF, Masci L, de la Fuente J (2020) Ultrasound classification of medial gastrocnemious injuries. Scand J Med Sci Sports 30(12):2456–2465. https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.13812

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Pierce BL, Burgess S (2013) Efficient design for Mendelian randomization studies: subsample and 2-sample instrumental variable estimators. Am J Epidemiol 178(7):1177–1184. https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwt084

Article  PubMed