Abbott LC, Nigussie F (2021) Mercury toxicity and neurogenesis in the mammalian brain. Int J Mol Sci 22:7520

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Abdullahi A, Umar SM, Dauda A (2023) Effect of alpha-lipoic acid on aluminium induced toxicity in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus of Wistar rats. Dutse J Pure Appl Sci 9:41–49

Article  Google Scholar 

Ahmadi A, Mortazavi Z, Mehri S, Hosseinzadeh H (2022) Scutellaria baicalensis and its constituents baicalin and baicalein as antidotes or protective agents against chemical toxicities: a comprehensive review. Naunyn-Schmiedeb Arch Pharmacol 395:1297–1329

Article  Google Scholar 

Ahmadian R, Heidari MR, Razavi BM, Hosseinzadeh H (2023) Alpha-mangostin protects PC12 cells against neurotoxicity induced by cadmium and arsenic. Biol Trace Elem Res 201:4008–4021

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Alavi MS, Fanoudi S, Ghasemzadeh Rahbardar M, Mehri S, Hosseinzadeh H (2021) An updated review of protective effects of rosemary and its active constituents against natural and chemical toxicities. Phytother Res 35:1313–1328

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Aljeboori KH (2023) Genotoxic effect of arsenic trioxide on rats treated with alpha lipoic acid. HIV Nursing 23:2163–2166

Google Scholar 

Al-Otaibi SS, Arafah MM, Sharma B, Alhomida AS, Siddiqi NJ (2018) Synergistic effect of quercetin and α-lipoic acid on aluminium chloride induced neurotoxicity in rats. J Toxicol 2018:2817036

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Anuradha B, Varalakshmi P (1999) Protective role of dl-α-lipoic acid against mercury-induced neural lipid peroxidation. Pharmacol Res 39:67–80

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Becaria A, Campbell A, Bondy S (2002) Aluminum as a toxicant. Toxicol Ind Health 18:309–320

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Bludovska M, Kotyzova D, Koutensky J, Eybl V (1999) The influence of-lipoic acid on the toxicity of cadmium. Gen Physiol Biophys 18:28–32

PubMed  Google Scholar 

Bustamante J, Lodge JK, Marcocci L, Tritschler HJ, Packer L, Rihn BH (1998) α-Lipoic acid in liver metabolism and disease. Free Radic Biol Med 24:1023–1039

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Carvalho CM, Lu J, Zhang X, Arnér ES, Holmgren A (2011) Effects of selenite and chelating agents on mammalian thioredoxin reductase inhibited by mercury: implications for treatment of mercury poisoning. FASEB J 25:370–381

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Caylak E, Aytekin M, Halifeoglu I (2008) Antioxidant effects of methionine, α-lipoic acid, N-acetylcysteine and homocysteine on lead-induced oxidative stress to erythrocytes in rats. Exp Toxicol Pathol 60:289–294

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Chen S, Liu G, Long M, Zou H, Cui H (2018) Alpha lipoic acid attenuates cadmium-induced nephrotoxicity via the mitochondrial apoptotic pathways in rat. J Inorg Biochem 184:19–26

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Cheng T-J, Wang Y-J, Kao W-W, Chen R-J, Ho Y-S (2007) Protection against arsenic trioxide-induced autophagic cell death in U118 human glioma cells by use of lipoic acid. Food Chem Toxicol 45:1027–1038

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Cheng Y, Yang X, Tang W, Fu Q, Li H, Liang B (2023) Alpha-lipoic acid inhibits sodium arsenite-mediated autophagic death of rat insulinoma cells. Hum Exp Toxicol 42:09603271221149196

Article  Google Scholar 

Coburn JW, Norris KC (1986) Diagnosis of aluminum-related bone disease and treatment of aluminum toxicity with deferoxamine. Semin Nephrol 6:12–21

PubMed  Google Scholar 

Deore MS, Naqvi S, Kumar A, Flora S (2021) Alpha-lipoic acid protects co-exposure to lead and zinc oxide nanoparticles induced neuro, immuno and male reproductive toxicity in rats. Front Pharmacol 12:1210

Article  Google Scholar 

Dixit S, Dhar P, Mehra RD (2011) Protective role of exogenous α-lipoic acid (ALA) on hippocampal antioxidant status and memory function in rat pups exposed to sodium arsenite during the early post-natal period. Toxicol Mech Methods 21:216–224

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Dixit S, Dhar P, Mehra RD (2015) Alpha lipoic acid (ALA) modulates expression of apoptosis associated proteins in hippocampus of rats exposed during postnatal period to sodium arsenite (NaAsO2). Toxicol Rep 2:78–87

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Dixit S, Mehra RD, Dhar P (2020) Effect of α-lipoic acid on spatial memory and structural integrity of developing hippocampal neurons in rats subjected to sodium arsenite exposure. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol 75:103323

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Dorri M, Hashemitabar S, Hosseinzadeh H (2018) Cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum) as an antidote or a protective agent against natural or chemical toxicities: a review. Drug Chem Toxicol 41:338–351

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Dorrigiv M, Zareiyan A, Hosseinzadeh H (2020) Garlic (Allium sativum) as an antidote or a protective agent against natural or chemical toxicities: a comprehensive update review. Phytother Res 34:1770–1797

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Dorrigiv M, Zareiyan A, Hosseinzadeh H (2021) Onion (Allium cepa) and its main constituents as antidotes or protective agents against natural or chemical toxicities: a comprehensive review. Iran J Pharm Res 20:3–26

PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Dwivedi N, Flora G, Kushwaha P, Flora SJ (2014) Alpha-lipoic acid protects oxidative stress, changes in cholinergic system and tissue histopathology during co-exposure to arsenic-dichlorvos in rats. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol 37:7–23

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

El Barky A, Hussein S, Mohamed T (2017) The potent antioxidant alpha lipoic acid. J Plant Chem Ecophysiol 2:1016

Google Scholar 

EL-Mmaraghy SA, Nassar NN (2011) Modulatory effects of lipoic acid and selenium against cadmium-induced biochemical alterations in testicular steroidogenesis. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 25:15–25

Article  Google Scholar 

Ercal N, Gurer-Orhan H, Aykin-Burns N (2001) Toxic metals and oxidative stress part I: mechanisms involved in metal-induced oxidative damage. Curr Top Med Chem 1:529–539

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Famurewa AC, Hamdi H, Sedky A (2023) Lipoic acid abates testis lead accumulation, sperm-endocrine deficits, testicular oxidative inflammation and apoptosis and modulates gene expression of Bax and Bcl-2 in rats. Sci Afr 21:e01842

Google Scholar 

Fanoudi S, Alavi MS, Karimi G, Hosseinzadeh H (2020) Milk thistle (Silybum Marianum) as an antidote or a protective agent against natural or chemical toxicities: a review. Drug Chem Toxicol 43:240–254

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

García-Niño WR, Pedraza-Chaverrí J (2014) Protective effect of curcumin against heavy metals-induced liver damage. Food Chem Toxicol 69:182–201

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ghibu S, Richard C, Vergely C, Zeller M, Cottin Y, Rochette L (2009) Antioxidant properties of an endogenous thiol: alpha-lipoic acid, useful in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 54:391–398

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ghosh S, Mishra R, Biswas S, Bhadra RK, Mukhopadhyay PK (2017) α-Lipoic acid mitigates arsenic-induced hematological abnormalities in adult male rats. Iran J Med Sci 42:242–250

PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Golub MS, Domingo JL (1996) What we know and what we need to know about developmental aluminum toxicity. J Toxicol Environ Health - a: Curr Issues 48:585–598

Article  Google Scholar 

Guha Mazumder D (2003) Chronic arsenic toxicity: clinical features, epidemiology, and treatment: experience in West Bengal. J Environ Sci Health A 38:141–163

Article  Google Scholar 

Gurer H, Ozgunes H, Oztezcan S, Ercal N (1999) Antioxidant role of α-lipoic acid in lead toxicity. Free Radic Biol Med 27:75–81

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Hall AH (2002) Chronic arsenic poisoning. Toxicol Lett 128:69–72

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Heidari S, Mehri S, Hosseinzadeh H (2021) The genus Glycyrrhiza (Fabaceae family) and its active constituents as protective agents against natural or chemical toxicities. Phytother Res 35:6552–6571

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Hossain KFB, Rahman MM, Sikder MT, Hosokawa T, Saito T, Kurasaki M (2020) Regulatory effects of dihydrolipoic acid against inorganic mercury-mediated cytotoxicity and intrinsic apoptosis in PC12 cells. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 192:110238

Article