Azevedo CF, Nigri M, Higuchi ML, Pomerantzeff PM, Spina GS, Sampaio RO et al (2010) Prognostic significance of myocardial fibrosis quantification by histopathology and magnetic resonance imaging in patients with severe aortic valve disease. J Am Coll Cardiol 56(4):278–287

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Díez J (2007) Mechanisms of Cardiac Fibrosis in Hypertension. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 9(7):546–550

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Scully PR, Patel KP, Saberwal B, Klotz E, Augusto JB, Thornton GD et al (2020) Identifying Cardiac amyloid in aortic stenosis: ECV quantification by CT in TAVR patients. JACC: Cardiovasc Imaging 13(10):2177–2189

PubMed  Google Scholar 

Conrad CH, Brooks WW, Hayes JA, Sen S, Robinson KG, Bing OH (1995) Myocardial fibrosis and stiffness with hypertrophy and heart failure in the spontaneously hypertensive rat. Circulation 91(1):161–170

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Sado DM, Flett AS, Banypersad SM, White SK, Maestrini V, Quarta G et al (2012) Cardiovascular magnetic resonance measurement of myocardial extracellular volume in health and disease. Heart 98(19):1436–1441

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Puntmann VO, Peker E, Chandrashekhar Y, Nagel E (2016) T1 mapping in characterizing myocardial disease. Circul Res 119(2):277–299

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Nacif MS, Kawel N, Lee JJ, Chen X, Yao J, Zavodni A et al (2012) Interstitial myocardial fibrosis assessed as extracellular volume fraction with Low-Radiation-Dose Cardiac CT. Radiology 264(3):876–883

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Bandula S, White SK, Flett AS, Lawrence D, Pugliese F, Ashworth MT et al (2013) Measurement of myocardial extracellular volume fraction by using equilibrium contrast-enhanced CT: validation against histologic findings. Radiology 269(2):396–403

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Han D, Lin A, Kuronuma K, Gransar H, Dey D, Friedman JD et al (2023) Cardiac Computed Tomography for quantification of myocardial extracellular volume fraction: a systematic review and Meta-analysis. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 16(10):1306–1317

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Koike H, Cheng VY, Lesser A, Enriquez-Sarano M, Caye DJ, Aluru JS et al Importance of imaging-acquisition protocol and post-processing analysis for extracellular volume fraction assessment by computed tomography. Journal of Cardiovascular Computed Tomography [Internet]. 2023 Mar 13 [cited 2023 May 16]; https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1934592523000825

Treibel TA, Bandula S, Fontana M, White SK, Gilbertson JA, Herrey AS et al (2015) Extracellular volume quantification by dynamic equilibrium cardiac computed tomography in cardiac amyloidosis. J Cardiovasc Comput Tomogr 9(6):585–592

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Funama Y, Oda S, Kidoh M, Sakabe D, Nakaura T (2022) Effect of image quality on myocardial extracellular volume quantification using cardiac computed tomography: a phantom study. Acta Radiol 63(2):159–165

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Palmisano A, Vignale D, Tadic M, Moroni F, De Stefano D, Gatti M et al (2022) Myocardial late contrast enhancement CT in troponin-positive acute chest Pain Syndrome. Radiology 302(3):545–553

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Suzuki M, Toba T, Izawa Y, Fujita H, Miwa K, Takahashi Y et al (2021) Prognostic impact of myocardial extracellular volume Fraction Assessment using dual-energy computed tomography in patients treated with aortic valve replacement for severe aortic stenosis. J Am Heart Association 10(18):e020655

Article  Google Scholar 

Gama F, Rosmini S, Bandula S, Patel KP, Massa P et al (2022) Tobon -Gomez Catalina,. Extracellular Volume Fraction by Computed Tomography Predicts Long-Term Prognosis Among Patients With Cardiac Amyloidosis. JACC: Cardiovascular Imaging. 15(12):2082–94

Abadia AF, van Assen M, Martin SS, Vingiani V, Griffith LP, Giovagnoli DA et al (2020) Myocardial extracellular volume fraction to differentiate healthy from cardiomyopathic myocardium using dual-source dual-energy CT. J Cardiovasc Comput Tomogr 14(2):162–167

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Tamarappoo B, Han D, Tyler J, Chakravarty T, Otaki Y, Miller R et al (2020) Prognostic Value of Computed Tomography–Derived Extracellular Volume in TAVR Patients With Low-Flow Low-Gradient Aortic Stenosis. JACC: Cardiovascular Imaging. 13(12):2591–601

Arakawa H, Tomizawa N, Chou S, Matsuoka S, Yamamoto K, Inoh S et al (2020) Low iodine dose is related with overestimation of extracellular volume derived from cardiac ct. Cardi Imag Asia 4(2):38–44.

Subramaniam RM, Suarez-Cuervo C, Wilson RF, Turban S, Zhang A, Sherrod C et al (2016) Effectiveness of Prevention strategies for contrast-Induced Nephropathy. Ann Intern Med 164(6):406–416

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Hamdy A, Kitagawa K, Goto Y, Yamada A, Nakamura S, Takafuji M et al (2019) Comparison of the different imaging time points in delayed phase cardiac CT for myocardial scar assessment and extracellular volume fraction estimation in patients with old myocardial infarction. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging 35(5):917–926

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Jablonowski R, Wilson MW, Do L, Hetts SW, Saeed M (2015) Multidetector CT Measurement of Myocardial Extracellular volume in Acute patchy and contiguous infarction: validation with microscopic measurement. Radiology 274(2):370–378

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Lee HJ, Im DJ, Youn JC, Chang S, Suh YJ, Hong YJ et al (2016) Myocardial extracellular volume fraction with dual-energy equilibrium contrast-enhanced cardiac CT in nonischemic cardiomyopathy: a prospective comparison with Cardiac MR Imaging. Radiology 280(1):49–57

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Hayashi H, Oda S, Emoto T, Kidoh M, Nagayama Y, Nakaura T et al Myocardial extracellular volume quantification by cardiac CT in pulmonary hypertension: Comparison with cardiac MRI. European Journal of Radiology [Internet]. 2022 Aug 1 [cited 2023 May 23];153. https://www.ejradiology.com/article/S0720-048X(22)00236-4/fulltext

Ohta Y, Kitao S, Yunaga H, Fujii S, Mukai N, Yamamoto K et al (2018) Myocardial delayed enhancement CT for the evaluation of Heart failure: comparison to MRI. Radiology 288(3):682–691

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Thirup P (2003) Haematocrit: within-subject and seasonal variation. Sports Med 33(3):231–243

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Treibel TA, Fontana M, Steeden JA, Nasis A, Yeung J, White SK et al (2017) Automatic quantification of the myocardial extracellular volume by cardiac computed tomography: synthetic ECV by CCT. J Cardiovasc Comput Tomogr 11(3):221–226

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

González-López E, Gallego-Delgado M, Guzzo-Merello G, de Haro-del Moral FJ, Cobo-Marcos M, Robles C et al (2015) Wild-type transthyretin amyloidosis as a cause of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. Eur Heart J 36(38):2585–2594

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Maurer MS, Schwartz JH, Gundapaneni B, Elliott PM, Merlini G, Waddington-Cruz M et al (2018) Tafamidis Treatment for patients with transthyretin amyloid cardiomyopathy. N Engl J Med 379(11):1007–1016

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kidoh M, Oda S, Takashio S, Hirakawa K, Kawano Y, Shiraishi S et al (2023) CT extracellular volume fraction versus myocardium-to-Lumen Signal ratio for Cardiac Amyloidosis. Radiology 306(3):e220542

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Hein S, Arnon E, Kostin S, Schönburg M, Elsässer A, Polyakova V et al (2003) Progression from compensated hypertrophy to failure in the pressure-overloaded Human Heart. Circulation 107(7):984–991

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Malhotra P, Han D, Chakravarty T, Thomson L, Dey D, Nakamura M et al (2024) Increased CT angiography-derived extracellular volume fraction predicts less benefit in left ventricular remodeling and ejection fraction after transcatheter edge to edge repair for severe mitral regurgitation. Journal of Cardiovascular Computed Tomography [Internet]. Feb 1 [cited 2024 Feb 12]; https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1934592524000133

Monti CB, Zanardo M, Bosetti T, Alì M, Benedictis ED, Luporini A et al (2020) Assessment of myocardial extracellular volume on body computed tomography in breast cancer patients treated with anthracyclines. Quant Imaging Med Surg 10(5):93444–93944

Article  Google Scholar 

Capra D, Monti CB, Luporini AG, Lombardi F, Gumina C, Sironi A et al (2020) Computed tomography-derived myocardial extracellular volume: an early biomarker of cardiotoxicity in esophageal cancer patients undergoing radiation therapy. Insights into Imaging 11(1):120

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar