Lee J, Kim T, Yang H, Bae SH. Prevalence trends of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease among young men in Korea: a Korean military population-based cross-sectional study. Clin Mol Hepatol. 2022;28:196–206

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Im HJ, Ahn YC, Wang JH, Lee MM, Son CG. Systematic review on the prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in South Korea. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol. 2021;45: 101526

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Le MH, Yeo YH, Zou B, Barnet S, Henry L, Cheung R, et al. Forecasted 2040 global prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease using hierarchical bayesian approach. Clin Mol Hepatol. 2022;28:841–850

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Simon TG, Roelstraete B, Hartjes K, Shah U, Khalili H, Arnell H, et al. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in children and young adults is associated with increased long-term mortality. J Hepatol. 2021;75:1034–1041

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Simon TG, Roelstraete B, Khalili H, Hagström H, Ludvigsson JF. Mortality in biopsy-confirmed nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: results from a nationwide cohort. Gut. 2021;70:1375–1382

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kim KM, Jang HC, Lim S. Differences among skeletal muscle mass indices derived from height-, weight-, and body mass index-adjusted models in assessing sarcopenia. Korean J Intern Med. 2016;31:643–650

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Merz KE, Thurmond DC. Role of skeletal muscle in insulin resistance and glucose uptake. Compr Physiol. 2020;10:785–809

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Haines MS, Dichtel LE, Santoso K, Torriani M, Miller KK, Bredella MA. Association between muscle mass and insulin sensitivity independent of detrimental adipose depots in young adults with overweight/obesity. Int J Obes. 2020;44:1851–1858

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Chan WK, Chuah KH, Rajaram RB, Lim LL, Ratnasingam J, Vethakkan SR. Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD): a state-of-the-art review. J Obes Metab Syndr. 2023;32:197–213

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Bae JC, Beste LA, Utzschneider KM. The impact of insulin resistance on hepatic fibrosis among United States adults with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: NHANES 2017 to 2018. Endocrinol Metab (Seoul). 2022;37:455–465

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Jo IH, Song DS, Chang UI, Yang JM. Change in skeletal muscle mass is associated with hepatic steatosis in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Sci Rep. 2023;13:6920

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Guo W, Zhao X, Miao M, Liang X, Li X, Qin P, et al. Association between skeletal muscle mass and severity of steatosis and fibrosis in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Front Nutr. 2022;9: 883015

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Naqvi SH, Nunes AP. Age-stratified analysis of associations between participant’s characteristics and NAFLD. 2021. https://www.researchsquarecom/article/rs-287354/v1

Lee J, Na S, Kim T, Lee SW, Kim MJ, Han CI, et al. Muscle mass adjusted for body weight is associated with significant liver fibrosis in young adults with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a cross-sectional study from a Korean Military Hospital. J Obes Metab Syndr. 2023;32:279–283

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Wong VW, Irles M, Wong GL, Shili S, Chan AW, Merrouche W, et al. Unified interpretation of liver stiffness measurement by M and XL probes in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Gut. 2019;68:2057–2064

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Lee HW, Park SY, Kim SU, Jang JY, Park H, Kim JK, et al. Discrimination of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis using transient elastography in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. PLoS ONE. 2016;11: e0157358

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Chon YE, Jung KS, Kim SU, Park JY, Park YN, Kim DY, et al. Controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) for detection of hepatic steatosis in patients with chronic liver diseases: a prospective study of a native Korean population. Liver Int. 2014;34:102–109

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Rinella ME, Lazarus JV, Ratziu V, Francque SM, Sanyal AJ, Kanwal F, et al. A multisociety Delphi consensus statement on new fatty liver disease nomenclature. Hepatology. 2023;78:1966–1986

PubMed  Google Scholar 

Yang YS, Han BD, Han K, Jung JH, Son JW. Obesity fact sheet in Korea, 2021: trends in obesity prevalence and obesity-related comorbidity incidence stratified by age from 2009 to 2019. J Obes Metab Syndr. 2022;31:169–177

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Tapper EB, Cohen EB, Patel K, Bacon B, Gordon S, Lawitz E, et al. Levels of alanine aminotransferase confound use of transient elastography to diagnose fibrosis in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2012;10:932-937.e931

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Xu J, Wan CS, Ktoris K, Reijnierse EM, Maier AB. Sarcopenia is associated with mortality in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Gerontology. 2022;68:361–376

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Nam H, Yang H, Chun HS, Lee HA, Nam JY, Jang JW, et al. Impact of low skeletal muscle mass on long-term outcomes in hepatocellular carcinoma treated with trans-arterial radioembolization: a retrospective multi-center study. Cancers. 2023;15:5195

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Hanai T, Shiraki M, Ohnishi S, Miyazaki T, Ideta T, Kochi T, et al. Rapid skeletal muscle wasting predicts worse survival in patients with liver cirrhosis. Hepatol Res. 2016;46:743–751

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Chung GE, Kim MJ, Yim JY, Kim JS, Yoon JW. Sarcopenia is significantly associated with presence and severity of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. J Obes Metab Syndr. 2019;28:129–138

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Zhai Y, Xiao Q. The common mechanisms of sarcopenia and NAFLD. Biomed Res Int. 2017;2017:6297651

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Liu ZJ, Zhu CF. Causal relationship between insulin resistance and sarcopenia. Diabetol Metab Syndr. 2023;15:46

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Kumashiro N, Erion DM, Zhang D, Kahn M, Beddow SA, Chu X, et al. Cellular mechanism of insulin resistance in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2011;108:16381–16385

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Joo SK, Kim W. Interaction between sarcopenia and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Clin Mol Hepatol. 2023;29:S68-s78

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Petrescu M, Vlaicu SI, Ciumărnean L, Milaciu MV, Mărginean C, Florea M, et al. Chronic inflammation-a link between nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and dysfunctional adipose tissue. Medicina. 2022;58:641

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

da Costa Teixeira LA, Avelar NCP, Peixoto MFD, Parentoni AN, Santos JMD, Pereira FSM, et al. Inflammatory biomarkers at different stages of Sarcopenia in older women. Sci Rep. 2023;13:10367

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Chen F, Esmaili S, Rogers GB, Bugianesi E, Petta S, Marchesini G, et al. Lean NAFLD: a distinct entity shaped by differential metabolic adaptation. Hepatology. 2020;71:1213–1227

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Xu R, Pan J, Zhou W, Ji G, Dang Y. Recent advances in lean NAFLD. Biomed Pharmacother. 2022;153: 113331

Article  PubMed